A novel approach to dynamic switching service design based on a new queuing approximation formulation is introduced to systematically control conventional buses and enable provision of flexible on-demand mobility services. This new approach guides smart vehicles in a service area that needs last mile transit services via either traditional buses, which provide fixed-route services, or flexible-route on-demand mobility services. We also include dynamic pre-positioning of idle vehicles in anticipation of new customer arrivals, and relocation of vehicles to rebalance the use of vehicles in the system, which can have a sizable effect on energy and environmental conservation. Using a New York City transit dataset, the proposed strategy for non-myopic switching between flexible-route and fixed-route service and re-positioning of idle vehicles improves social welfare by up to 32%, while the impact of the proposed strategy on vehicle miles traveled is shown to be as high as 53% over that of the current transit service.

引入了一种基于新排队近似公式的动态交换服务设计新方法，以系统地控制常规总线，并能够提供灵活的按需移动服务。这种新方法可通过需要提供固定路线服务的传统公交车或灵活路线的按需移动服务，引导需要最后一英里公交服务的服务区域中的智能车辆。我们还包括闲置车辆的动态预定位，以预期新客户的到来，以及车辆的重新定位，以重新平衡系统中车辆的使用，这可以对能源和环境保护产生巨大影响。使用纽约市公交数据集，