In this paper, we propose a bi-objective bi-level programming model to balance economic growth and environmental management, which orients sustainable transport development by combining a tradable credit scheme (TCS) and a link capacity improvement measure. At the upper level, the decision maker aims to both maximize the economic benefit and minimize the total amount of traffic emissions by the optimal determination of a TCS and a link capacity improvement measure. The lower level is the user equilibrium problem, with elastic origin-destination (O-D) demand given the TCS and link capacity expansion measure. Further, a relaxation algorithm with a series of transformations is proposed to solve the proposed model. Numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed bi-objective bi-level model as well as the proposed relaxation algorithm. This study demonstrates how economic and environmental goals are influenced by the implementation of different development patterns comprising TCSs and link capacity improvements.

在本文中，我们提出了一种平衡经济增长与环境管理的双目标双层规划模型，该模型通过结合可交易信贷计划（TCS）和提高通行能力来确定可持续的交通发展。在高层，决策者的目标是通过最佳确定TCS和改善链路容量来最大化经济效益和最小化交通排放总量。较低的级别是用户均衡问题，在给定TCS和链路容量扩展措施的情况下，具有弹性起点（OD）需求。此外，提出了具有一系列变换的松弛算法来求解所提出的模型。数值实验说明了所提出的双目标双层模型以及所提出的松弛算法的有效性。这项研究表明，实施包括TCS和链接能力提高在内的不同发展模式将如何影响经济和环境目标。