Abstract The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the current understanding of the seismic behaviour of tunnels. Emphasis is placed on recorded responses of actual tunnels during past earthquakes, as well as relevant experimental studies. In particular, the observed seismic performance of tunnels is initially discussed, by providing cases of reported damage during past earthquakes. This is followed by a review of the current monitoring systems for this infrastructure, which can be used to create future case studies based on actual recordings of the seismic response. Subsequently, the paper provides a summary of relevant experimental studies that took place in the centrifuge or on shaking tables, followed by a short discussion of current analytical models, simplified methods and numerical schemes for the seismic analysis and vulnerability assessment of tunnels. Throughout the presentation, the current overall gaps in understanding the seismic response of tunnels are identified in an attempt to stimulate further work in these areas by the research community.

中文翻译：

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隧道的地震行为：从实验到分析

摘要 本文对当前对隧道抗震性能的理解进行了最新的综述。重点放在过去地震中实际隧道的记录响应以及相关的实验研究上。特别是，通过提供过去地震期间报告的损坏案例，初步讨论了隧道的观测地震性能。接下来是对该基础设施当前监测系统的审查，可用于根据地震响应的实际记录创建未来的案例研究。随后，本文总结了在离心机或振动台上进行的相关实验研究，然后简要讨论了当前的分析模型，隧道地震分析和脆弱性评估的简化方法和数值方案。在整个演示文稿中，确定了当前在理解隧道地震响应方面的总体差距，以试图激发研究界在这些领域的进一步工作。