Abstract A low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) buoy platform was developed for measuring coastal sea levels to provide information where logistical, physical and/or financial constraints prevent the application of established tide gauges and satellite altimetry, and where spatially and temporally discrete tidal data are required to support surveys for monitoring coastal morphodynamics. The buoy was constructed from scaffold tubing and four floats, with a central platform for the GNSS receiver and antenna. The overall cost was around £300 (buoy parts £100, GPS/logger £200). The single frequency GNSS receiver was set up to record GPS/GLONASS satellite data at 5Hz. Post-processing was carried out with RTKLIB software to derive solutions for sea level. GNSS buoy performance was evaluated against a reference tide gauge using a Van de Casteele test. The RMSE of 1.4 cm, computed from the differences between the GNSS-buoy and reference tide gauge, demonstrates that this low-cost GNSS buoy tide gauge compares well with previous, more expensive GNSS buoys and is suitable for obtaining local-scale coastal sea level data. In addition to providing coastal data at cm accuracy, the results also indicate the presence of high frequency oscillations in the sea level data caused by coastal geometry and wave-induced disturbance.

中文翻译：

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用于测量沿海海平面的低成本 GNSS 浮标平台

摘要 开发了一种低成本的全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 浮标平台，用于测量沿海海平面，以在后勤、物理和/或财务限制阻止已建立的潮汐计和卫星高度计的应用以及空间和时间离散的情况下提供信息。需要潮汐数据来支持监测沿海形态动力学的调查。浮标由脚手架管和四个浮标构成，带有一个用于 GNSS 接收器和天线的中央平台。总成本约为 300 英镑（浮标部件 100 英镑，GPS/记录器 200 英镑）。单频 GNSS 接收器设置为以 5Hz 的频率记录 GPS/GLONASS 卫星数据。使用 RTKLIB 软件进行后处理以推导出海平面的解决方案。GNSS 浮标性能是使用 Van de Casteele 测试根据参考潮汐测量仪评估的。根据 GNSS 浮标和参考潮汐测量仪之间的差异计算得出的 1.4 厘米 RMSE 表明，这种低成本的 GNSS 浮标潮汐测量仪与以前更昂贵的 GNSS 浮标相比效果很好，适用于获取局部尺度的沿海海平面数据。除了以厘米精度提供海岸数据外，结果还表明海平面数据中存在由海岸几何形状和波浪引起的干扰引起的高频振荡。