With the rapid development of microelectronics technology, wireless communication technology and sensor technology, micro-structured sensors that can sense and communicate at the same time have emerged. This tiny device can sense all kinds of information in the surrounding environment, collect it to the sink node, and then transmit it to the data center. Wireless sensor networks are widely used in civil, industrial, agricultural, military and other fields. In order to meet the demand of monitoring area coverage effect, this paper firstly analyzes the research status of wireless sensor networks at home and abroad, points out the main problems existing in the current research process, and establishes a reasonable mathematical model according to the research status. Secondly, to solve the problem of poor coverage effect of existing algorithms, a monitoring area coverage optimization algorithm based on perceived probability around nodes is proposed. By designing a reasonable scheme of moving nodes, the algorithm can gradually disperse the nodes and improve the coverage effect in the monitoring area. Finally, the simulation results show that the algorithm has a good performance, which can reduce the moving distance of nodes, improve the coverage of the network and prolong the service time of the whole network.

随着微电子技术，无线通信技术和传感器技术的飞速发展，可以同时进行传感和通信的微结构传感器应运而生。这种微型设备可以感知周围环境中的各种信息，将其收集到接收器节点，然后将其传输到数据中心。无线传感器网络广泛用于民用，工业，农业，军事和其他领域。为了满足监控区域覆盖效果的需求，本文首先分析了国内外无线传感器网络的研究现状，指出了当前研究过程中存在的主要问题，并根据研究建立了合理的数学模型。状态。其次，要解决现有算法覆盖效果差的问题，提出了一种基于感知节点周围概率的监控区域覆盖优化算法。通过设计合理的移动节点方案，该算法可以逐步分散节点，提高监测区域的覆盖效果。最后，仿真结果表明该算法具有良好的性能，可以减少节点的移动距离，提高网络覆盖范围，延长整个网络的服务时间。