Abstract High renewable energy penetration and exploitation of heterogeneous flexibility assets require an effective interaction between efficient energy markets and electricity grid management systems. In this business environment, modern Energy Service Providers (ESPs) need to: i) adopt imperfect market context - aware bidding strategies to maximize their profits, ii) respect the underlying network constraints, and iii) make decisions about the optimal mix of their heterogeneous flexibility (HetFlex) assets as well as their optimal sizing, siting and operation. We propose a model that factorizes all the above and an algorithm that, optimally and in an integrated way, schedules Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) and Demand Side Management (DSM) systems in order to maximize a price maker ESP's profits. We model this problem as a Stackelberg game, expressed as a Mathematical Problem with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), which is finally transformed into a tractable mixed integer linear program (MILP). We show that: i) ESP's profits can be considerably increased, by on average 20% compared to the price taker solution, ii) the impact of HetFlex assets’ siting and sizing can be accurately quantified, iii) even if the ESP accounts for a small portion of market's supply or demand capacity (i.e., low market power), significant profit benefits can be obtained, and iv) the network-aware feature leads not only to higher profits, but also to the avoidance of vital distribution network constraints’ violation.

中文翻译：

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通过虚拟和异构灵活性资产组合的最佳编排，为电力公司制定战略性和网络意识的投标政策

摘要 可再生能源的高渗透率和异构灵活性资产的开发需要高效能源市场和电网管理系统之间的有效互动。在这种商业环境中，现代能源服务提供商 (ESP) 需要：i) 采用不完善的市场环境感知投标策略来最大化他们的利润，ii) 尊重潜在的网络限制，以及 iii) 就其异构的最佳组合做出决策灵活性 (HetFlex) 资产及其最佳规模、选址和运营。我们提出了一个将上述所有因素分解的模型和一个算法，该算法以最佳方式以集成方式调度储能系统 (ESS) 和需求侧管理 (DSM) 系统，以最大化价格制定者 ESP 的利润。我们将此问题建模为 Stackelberg 游戏，表示为具有均衡约束的数学问题 (MPEC)，最终转化为易于处理的混合整数线性规划 (MILP)。我们表明：i) ESP 的利润可以显着增加，与价格接受者解决方案相比平均增加 20%，ii) HetFlex 资产选址和规模的影响可以准确量化，iii) 即使 ESP 占了市场供需能力的一小部分（即市场支配力低），可以获得显着的利润收益，以及 iv）网络感知特性不仅可以带来更高的利润，而且可以避免违反重要的配电网络约束.