Abstract The design of transportation networks for hazardous materials (hazmat) poses several elements of complexity, including vulnerability to disasters which may lead to significant loss of life and property. In this paper, we propose a new bi-objective mathematical model for hazmat transportation design considering resiliency and perishability. Minimization of cost and risk with built-in de-resiliency measures are considered as the two primary objective functions. To cope with uncertainties in the model, a new multi-stage stochastic programming approach is developed. In order to deal with the NP-hard nature of the problem and to solve the model in large instances, a new Pareto-based lower bound procedure is introduced. Further, illustrative numerical examples are solved and the efficiency of the proposed approach is verified. Lastly, a case study on hazmat transportation in Iranian context is presented to illustrate the methodology and develop managerial insights.

中文翻译：

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不确定性和易腐性下的弹性危险材料网络设计

摘要 危险材料 (hazmat) 运输网络的设计具有若干复杂性，包括易受灾害影响，可能导致重大生命和财产损失。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的双目标数学模型，用于考虑弹性和易腐性的危险品运输设计。通过内置的去弹性措施最小化成本和风险被认为是两个主要目标函数。为了应对模型中的不确定性，开发了一种新的多阶段随机规划方法。为了处理问题的 NP 难性质并在大实例中求解模型，引入了一种新的基于帕累托的下界过程。此外，解决了说明性的数值例子，并验证了所提出方法的效率。最后，