Public interest in the welfare of domestic dogs has increased in recent years. Dogs under human care should experience as little stress as possible, and as such it is necessary to measure and quantify their levels of stress. Stress parameters that can be measured noninvasively may help to identify the poor welfare of animals. This review aimed to determine whether and under what conditions the hormone cortisol in dog saliva can be used as a noninvasive acute stress marker. The use of salivary cortisol as a stress marker has some disadvantages, which can lead to data misinterpretations. A key factor is the standardized method of sampling and subsequent processing before analysis. In addition, possible circadian alternation and individual variability of cortisol hormone levels should be consistently considered during the preparation of the experimental scheme, statistical data processing and final interpretation of the results. Because of the complex nature of the stress response, the observation of salivary cortisol should be supplemented with behavioral observations, but it should be noted that behavioral stress symptoms may not always be positively correlated with stress hormone production. Besides behavioral observations, it is advisable to supplement the measurement of cortisol by other salivary stress markers of sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathways. This comprehensive assessment of the stress impact on the individual will enable one to characterize the level and type of stress.

近年来，公众对家犬福利的关注有所增加。受人照顾的狗应承受尽可能少的压力，因此有必要测量和量化其压力水平。可以无创测量的压力参数可能有助于识别动物的不良福利。这篇综述旨在确定狗唾液中的皮质醇激素是否可以在什么条件下用作无创急性应激指标。使用唾液皮质醇作为压力标记物有一些缺点，这可能导致数据误解。一个关键因素是分析之前采样和后续处理的标准化方法。此外，在准备实验方案，统计数据处理和结果的最终解释期间，应始终考虑可能的昼夜节律交替和皮质醇激素水平的个体差异。由于应激反应的复杂性，唾液皮质醇的观察应补充行为观察，但应注意的是，行为应激症状可能并不总是与应激激素产生呈正相关。除了行为观察外，建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。统计数据处理和结果的最终解释。由于应激反应的复杂性，唾液皮质醇的观察应补充行为观察，但应注意的是，行为应激症状可能并不总是与应激激素产生呈正相关。除了行为观察外，建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。统计数据处理和结果的最终解释。由于应激反应的复杂性，唾液皮质醇的观察应补充行为观察，但应注意的是，行为应激症状可能并不总是与应激激素产生呈正相关。除了行为观察外，建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。唾液皮质醇的观察应辅之以行为观察，但应注意的是，行为应激症状可能并不总是与应激激素产生呈正相关。除了行为观察外，建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。唾液皮质醇的观察应辅之以行为观察，但应注意的是，行为应激症状可能并不总是与应激激素产生呈正相关。除了行为观察外，建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。建议通过交感肾上腺髓质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺途径的其他唾液应激标志物补充皮质醇的测定。对压力对个人影响的全面评估将使人们能够表征压力的水平和类型。