Abstract Droplet size, weather conditions and operational parameters of sprayers also affect the spray coverage, absorption attachment to the target. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) currently, is considered a modern spraying technology which is helpful for efficient spraying. However, the effect of operational parameters on deposition in target and off-target zones still required to determine. Field tests were conducted to determine spray deposition, the number of spray deposits, coverage and droplet size under various flight heights (2 and 3 m) and flight speed (2 and 3 m/s) for control of outer field control. DepositScan software was applied to determine the spray deposition, number of deposits, coverage and droplet diameter. The results showed that the average deposition (2.29 µL/cm2) in the target area was found the highest when the UAV operates with 2 m/s forward speed at 2 m height (T1), the spray coverage under the T1 treatment achieved 36.19% at zero position of the central flight line. At the flight central line, the relative span was 0.70, 1.01, 1.03 and 1.05 for treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The treatment T1 showed maximum VMD = D0.5 as 448.75 µm whereas T4 showed minimum D0.5 with a value of 238.95 µm. The deposition in the off-target zone was nearly negligible for single-rotor UAV. This study provides a recommendation UAV operators, farmers and manufacturers for better utilization of this modern technology for weed control.

中文翻译：

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外田杂草控制应用中无人机喷雾器操作参数对靶区和脱靶区喷雾沉积模式的影响

摘要 喷雾器的雾滴大小、天气条件和操作参数也会影响喷雾覆盖范围、对目标的吸收附着。无人机（UAV）目前被认为是一种有助于高效喷洒的现代喷洒技术。然而，操作参数对靶区和脱靶区沉积的影响仍然需要确定。进行现场测试以确定喷雾沉积、喷雾沉积的数量、覆盖范围和不同飞行高度（2 和 3 m）和飞行速度（2 和 3 m/s）下的液滴尺寸，以控制外场控制。应用DepositScan 软件来确定喷雾沉积、沉积数量、覆盖率和液滴直径。结果表明，平均沉积（2. 29 µL/cm2) 在无人机以 2 m/s 前进速度在 2 m 高度 (T1) 运行时最高，T1 处理下的喷雾覆盖率在中心飞行线零位达到 36.19% . 在飞行中心线处，T1、T2、T3和T4处理的相对跨度分别为0.70、1.01、1.03和1.05。处理 T1 显示最大 VMD = D0.5 为 448.75 µm，而 T4 显示最小 D0.5，值为 238.95 µm。对于单旋翼无人机，脱靶区的沉积几乎可以忽略不计。这项研究为无人机操作员、农民和制造商提供了建议，以更好地利用这种现代技术进行杂草控制。在飞行中心线处，T1、T2、T3和T4处理的相对跨度分别为0.70、1.01、1.03和1.05。处理 T1 显示最大 VMD = D0.5 为 448.75 µm，而 T4 显示最小 D0.5，值为 238.95 µm。对于单旋翼无人机，脱靶区的沉积几乎可以忽略不计。这项研究为无人机操作员、农民和制造商提供了建议，以更好地利用这种现代技术进行杂草控制。在飞行中心线处，T1、T2、T3和T4处理的相对跨度分别为0.70、1.01、1.03和1.05。处理 T1 显示最大 VMD = D0.5 为 448.75 µm，而 T4 显示最小 D0.5，值为 238.95 µm。对于单旋翼无人机，脱靶区的沉积几乎可以忽略不计。这项研究为无人机操作员、农民和制造商提供了建议，以更好地利用这种现代技术进行杂草控制。