Abstract Current climate change discourses have expressed fear that many coastal communities would be forced to relocate in the face of rising water levels. However, despite the frequency and intensity with which such messages are being broadcasted throughout the world's media, there is little actual evidence of any relocation actually taking place, even though there are a number of past examples of relative sea level rise due to earthquake induced subsidence or groundwater extraction. Thus, in order to better understand the consequences of future sea level rise the authors analysed four instances of land subsidence that have taken place in the 20th and early 21st centuries (namely, adaptation strategies around Tokyo and Jakarta, and the experience of islands on the Danajon bank in the Philippines, and Kepulauan Seribu close to Jakarta). In all cases the inhabitants of densely populated coastal areas remain in place, despite the challenge of living with higher water levels. Adaptation was done through a five-phase process, starting with the construction of rather weak seawalls, which is then followed by the placement of pumps to drain water. Eventually, as the economic and technical capacities of coastal settlements improved, better seawalls were built, which then led to the reclamation of new areas, the elevation of entire districts or the construction of super levees. Thus, while it is clear that sea level rise will pose an additional financial strain on urbanised coastal areas, the authors found no evidence that any major coastal settlements will surrender a significant portion of its land area to the sea, given the range of adaptation options available. Rather, the opposite is true, and evidence indicates that new lines of defence will be built further into the water, effectively meaning that humans will encroach on the sea.

中文翻译：

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适应海平面上升：从目前的地面沉降实例中学习

摘要 当前的气候变化讨论表达了担心许多沿海社区会因水位上升而被迫搬迁的担忧。然而，尽管此类信息在全世界媒体中传播的频率和强度如此之高，但几乎没有实际证据表明实际发生了任何搬迁，尽管过去有许多地震引起的下沉导致相对海平面上升的例子。或地下水开采。因此，为了更好地了解未来海平面上升的后果，作者分析了 20 世纪和 21 世纪初发生的四个地面沉降实例（即东京和雅加达周围的适应策略，以及太平洋岛屿的经验）。 Danajon 银行在菲律宾，Kepulauan Seribu 靠近雅加达）。在所有情况下，人口稠密的沿海地区的居民都留在原地，尽管面临更高水位的挑战。适应是通过五个阶段的过程完成的，首先是建造相当薄弱的海堤，然后是放置泵来排水。最终，随着沿海定居点经济和技术能力的提高，建造了更好的海堤，从而导致了新区域的填海、整个地区的抬高或建造了超级堤坝。因此，虽然海平面上升显然会给城市化的沿海地区带来额外的财政压力，但作者发现没有证据表明任何主要的沿海定居点都会将其大部分陆地面积交给海洋，考虑到适应选择的范围可用的。相当，