Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are getting attention due to their importance in the transport Industry. Clean energy generation and effective utilization is rapidly growing research area. Fuel cell based electric vehicles have many advantages over conventional vehicles. The fuel cell is a massive source of clean energy that overcomes the issues of conventional vehicles such as; global warming and high fuel cost. The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of the proposed vehicle consists of three power sources; fuel cell (FC), battery, and a supercapacitor (SC) which are connected to the DC bus through the DC-DC power converters. DC bus is further connected to DC-AC inverter which is used to run the electric motor of vehicle. In this paper, three nonlinear controllers namely; Sliding Mode Controller (SMC), Integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) and Double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC) have been proposed to achieve the desired control objectives. The purpose of ISMC and DISMC is to eliminate the steady-state error and mitigate the chattering effect inherent in SMC. The main objectives of proposed controllers are; tracking of battery and supercapacitor currents to their reference values, voltage regulation of DC bus and the global stability of the system. The proposed controllers have then been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to analyze their comparative performance. It is noted that DISMC could alleviate the steady-state error significantly.

混合动力电动汽车（HEV）由于在交通运输行业中的重要性而受到关注。清洁能源的产生和有效利用是快速发展的研究领域。与传统车辆相比，基于燃料电池的电动车辆具有许多优势。燃料电池是清洁能源的巨大来源，它克服了诸如传统汽车等问题。全球变暖和高燃料成本。拟议车辆的混合动力储能系统（HESS）包含三个动力源；一个是混合动力车。燃料电池（FC），电池和超级电容器（SC），它们通过DC-DC电源转换器连接到DC总线。DC总线进一步连接到DC-AC逆变器，该DC-AC逆变器用于运行车辆的电动机。本文提出了三种非线性控制器。滑模控制器（SMC）已提出集成滑模控制器（ISMC）和双集成滑模控制器（DISMC）以实现所需的控制目标。ISMC和DISMC的目的是消除稳态误差并减轻SMC固有的抖动效应。建议的控制器的主要目标是：跟踪电池和超级电容器电流到其参考值，DC总线的电压调节以及系统的整体稳定性。然后使用MATLAB / Simulink对提出的控制器进行了仿真，以分析其比较性能。注意，DISMC可以大大减轻稳态误差。ISMC和DISMC的目的是消除稳态误差并减轻SMC固有的抖动效应。建议的控制器的主要目标是：跟踪电池和超级电容器电流到其参考值，DC总线的电压调节以及系统的整体稳定性。然后使用MATLAB / Simulink对拟议的控制器进行了仿真，以分析其比较性能。注意，DISMC可以大大减轻稳态误差。ISMC和DISMC的目的是消除稳态误差并减轻SMC固有的抖动效应。建议的控制器的主要目标是：跟踪电池和超级电容器电流至参考值，DC总线的电压调节以及系统的整体稳定性。然后使用MATLAB / Simulink对拟议的控制器进行了仿真，以分析其比较性能。注意，DISMC可以大大减轻稳态误差。