This paper summarizes the mitigation strategies for the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. The mitigation strategies function at the material level, cell level, and system level. A time-sequence map with states and flows that describe the evolution of the physical and/or chemical processes has been proposed to interpret the mechanisms, both at the cell level and at the system level. At the cell level, the time-sequence map helps clarify the relationship between thermal runaway and fire. At the system level, the time-sequence map depicts the relationship between the expected thermal runaway propagation and the undesired fire pathway. Mitigation strategies are fulfilled by cutting off a specific transformation flow between the states in the time sequence map. The abuse conditions that may trigger thermal runaway are also summarized for the complete protection of lithium-ion batteries. This perspective provides directions for guaranteeing the safety of lithium-ion batteries for electrical energy storage applications in the future.

本文总结了锂离子电池热失控的缓解策略。缓解策略在物料级别，单元级别和系统级别起作用。已经提出了具有描述物理和/或化学过程的演化的状态和流的时间序列图，以解释在细胞水平和系统水平的机理。在单元级别，时间序列图有助于阐明热失控与火之间的关系。在系统级别，时间序列图描述了预期的热失控传播与不希望的火路之间的关系。通过切断时序图中状态之间的特定转换流，可以实现缓解策略。为了全面保护锂离子电池，还总结了可能导致热失控的滥用条件。该观点为确保将来用于电能存储应用的锂离子电池的安全性提供了方向。