Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.

中文翻译：

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血管周围脂肪组织通过靶向血管平滑肌细胞来调节血管功能。

脂肪组织存在于体内的多个位置。大多数血管被脂肪组织包围，脂肪组织被称为血管周围脂肪组织（PVAT）。与其他位置的脂肪组织相似，PVAT拥有许多类型的细胞，这些细胞会产生并分泌脂肪因子和其他不确定的因子，这些因子可局部调节PVAT代谢和血管功能。啮齿动物和人类的PVAT中也表达了被认为是棕色脂肪标记物的解偶联蛋白1。因此，与内脏区域的其他脂肪组织相比，PVAT显示出褐色特征。与不与血管树相邻的其他仓库中的脂肪组织相比，PVAT在心血管系统中显示出独特的功能。不断发展的广泛研究表明，正常的PVAT的存在是维持脉管系统功能正常所必需的。然而，功能失调的PVAT的过度积累会导致血管疾病，部分原因是其分泌组的改变，进而影响血管平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了PVAT与血管平滑肌细胞之间的相互影响及其在血管重塑和血压调节中的作用。