In₂O₃ nanoparticles decorated ZnO hierarchical structures with excellent n-butanol-sensing performance were successfully fabricated by the one-pot sol–gel method. The formation process of the unique In₂O₃–ZnO hierarchical structure was investigated through experiments. The addition of indium was a crucial factor for the morphology and structure of the final product. The influence of the addition of indium on the sensor properties of the In₂O₃–ZnO hierarchical structure was examined systematically. The optimum indium–zinc ratio was 1:3. Sensor responses of the In₂O₃–ZnO (1:3) heterostructures toward 10 and 100 ppm n-butanol reached 18 and 218.3 at 260 °C. The response–recovery times toward 10 ppm n-butanol were 1 and 5 s. The gas-sensing mechanism was investigated based on the X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and UV–vis diffuser reflectance spectroscopy analyses. The improved gas-sensing performance of In₂O₃–ZnO was ascribed mainly to the unique microstructure and the surface decoration by In₂O₃ nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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In ₂ O ₃纳米粒子修饰正丁醇传感器的ZnO分层结构

通过一锅法溶胶-凝胶法成功地在₂ O ₃纳米粒子中装饰了具有出色的正丁醇感测性能的ZnO分层结构。通过实验研究了独特的In ₂ O ₃ -ZnO分层结构的形成过程。铟的添加是最终产物的形态和结构的关键因素。系统地研究了铟添加对In ₂ O ₃ -ZnO分层结构的传感器性能的影响。最佳的铟锌比为1：3。In ₂ O _3的传感器响应在260°C时，朝向10和100 ppm正丁醇的–ZnO（1：3）异质结构达到18和218.3。正丁醇10 ppm的响应-恢复时间为1和5 s。基于X射线光电光谱，光致发光光谱，电子顺磁共振光谱和UV-vis漫反射光谱分析对气体传感机理进行了研究。In ₂ O ₃ -ZnO的改进的气敏性能主要归因于In ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒的独特微观结构和表面装饰。