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CRK2 and C-terminal Phosphorylation of NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Regulate Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Arabidopsis
The Plant Cell ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-07
Kimura, S., Hunter, K., Vaahtera, L., Tran, H. C., Citterico, M., Vaattovaara, A., Rokka, A., Stolze, S. C., Harzen, A., Meissner, L., Wilkens, M. M. T., Hamann, T., Toyota, M., Nakagami, H., Wrzaczek, M.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important messengers in eukaryotic organisms and their production is tightly controlled. Active extracellular ROS production by NADPH oxidases in plants is triggered by receptor-like protein kinase (RLK)-dependent signaling networks. Here we show that the cysteine-rich RLK CRK2 kinase activity is required for plant growth and CRK2 exists in a preformed complex with the NADPH oxidase RBOHD in Arabidopsis. Functional CRK2 is required for the full elicitor-induced ROS burst and consequently the crk2 mutant is impaired in defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Our work demonstrates that CRK2 regulates plant innate immunity. We identified in vitro CRK2-dependent phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region of RBOHD. Phosphorylation of S703 RBOHD is enhanced upon flg22 treatment and substitution of S703 with alanine reduced ROS production in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that phospho-sites in C-terminal region of RBOHD are conserved throughout the plant lineage and between animals and plants. We propose that regulation of NADPH oxidase activity by phosphorylation of the C-terminal region might be an ancient mechanism and that CRK2 is an important element in regulating MAMP-triggered ROS production.



中文翻译:

CRK2和NADPH氧化酶RBOHD的C末端磷酸化调节拟南芥中活性氧的产生

活性氧(ROS)是真核生物中的重要信使,其生产受到严格控制。NADPH氧化酶在植物中产生的活性细胞外ROS由受体样蛋白激酶(RLK)依赖性信号网络触发。在这里,我们表明富含半胱氨酸的RLK CRK2激酶活性是植物生长所必需的,并且CRK2与拟南芥中的NADPH氧化酶RBOHD存在于预先形成的复合物中。完全激发子诱导的ROS爆发需要功能性CRK2,因此crk2突变体在抵抗细菌病原体丁香假单胞菌pv的防御中受损。番茄DC3000。我们的工作证明CRK2调节植物的先天免疫力。我们在RBOHD的C端区域中确定了体外依赖CRK2的磷酸化位点。flg22处理和用丙氨酸替代S703可以增强拟南芥中S703 RBOHD的磷酸化。系统发育分析表明,在整个植物谱系以及动植物之间,RBOHD C末端区域的磷酸位点是保守的。我们建议通过C末端区域的磷酸化来调节NADPH氧化酶活性可能是一个古老的机制,而CRK2是调节MAMP触发的ROS产生的重要元素。

更新日期:2020-03-19
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