A novel hybrid technology integrating pressure retarded osmosis with activated sludge process (denoted as PRO-MBR) was proposed in this study for wastewater treatment. Here, performance and fouling behaviors of PRO-MBR were investigated. Excellent contaminants removal and power production were simultaneously achieved in the PRO-MBR. A significant drop of water flux in the PRO-MBR was mainly due to the severe fouling of the support layer in forward osmosis (FO) membrane including internal fouling and external fouling. Although the external fouling was identified to be the major type of fouling, the internal fouling dominated the overall decline of water flux. In addition, organic foulants and biofoulants were the dominant foulants for the external fouling while inorganic foulants were equal to organic foulants and biofoulants for the internal fouling. According to the variations of water flux in the PRO-MBR, the development of support layer fouling was divided into three stages.

在这项研究中，提出了一种将渗透压与活性污泥工艺相结合的新型混合技术（称为PRO-MBR）。在此，对PRO-MBR的性能和结垢行为进行了研究。PRO-MBR同时实现了出色的污染物去除和发电能力。PRO-MBR中水通量的大幅下降主要是由于正向渗透（FO）膜中支撑层的严重污染，包括内部污染和外部污染。尽管外部污垢被确定为主要污垢类型，但内部污垢主导了水通量的总体下降。此外，有机污垢和生物污垢是外部污垢的主要污垢，而无机污垢等于内部污垢的有机污垢和生物污垢。根据PRO-MBR中水通量的变化，将支撑层结垢的发展分为三个阶段。