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Soil carbon dynamics in Indian Himalayan intensified organic rice-based cropping sequences
Ecological Indicators ( IF 6.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106292
Subhash Babu , Raghavendra Singh , R.K. Avasthe , Gulab Singh Yadav , K.P. Mohapatra , Thiru Selvan , Anup Das , Vinod K. Singh , Donatella Valente , Irene Petrosillo

The contribution of soil to supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural functions as well as its role in the ecosystem services is well-known in the international literature. However, in the domain of organic agriculture, the impact of cropping systems shifts from cereal-cereal to high-frequency diversified cropping sequences with legume as a component crop on soil carbon dynamics is not widely known. In order to identify an alternative cropping system to widely prevalent rice-fallow production system in Himalayan region of India, seven cropping sequences viz., rice -fenugreek (green vegetable) - maize (R-F-M); rice -vegetable pea - maize (R-Vp-M); rice-coriander (leaves)-cowpea (R-C-Cp); rice - fenugreek (green vegetable) - baby corn (R-F-Bc); rice - broccoli - Sesbania (green manuring) (R-B-S); rice - buckwheat (R-Bw) and rice - maize (R-M) were assessed for five consecutive years from 2013 to 2018 for their productivity and resource conservation values. Results revealed that the inclusion of legumes in rice-based sequences increased the rice grain yield by 13.4 to 24.6% over R-M (3.13 Mg ha−1) sequence. The R-B-S sequence had the highest very labile carbon (VLC) (4.6 g kg−1 soil) followed by the R-Vp-M. Relative proportion of various organic carbon fractions in the top 10 cm soil followed the order of VLC (30.2%) > non labile carbon (NLC, 27.6%) > labile carbon (LC, 23.4%) > less labile carbon (LLC, 18.9%). The carbon management index (CMI) was the highest (100.9%) in the R-B-S sequence followed by R-C-Cp (98.0%). The addition of a third crop in the sequence increased the active carbon (AC) pool by 1.1 to 5.8%. The passive carbon (PC) pool was highest in soil under the R-C-Cp sequence (9.15 Mg ha−1) at 0–10 cm soil depth. The carbon retention efficiency under the R-C-Cp cropping sequence was the highest (15.1%) followed by the R-B-S (14.9%). R-B-S and R-C-Cp sequences had 12.5% and 10.6% higher soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) over the R-M sequence, respectively. Similarly, R-B-S and R-C-Cp increased the FDA by 49.6 and 41.8%, and DHA by 135.0% and 103.9%, respectively over R-M sequence. In conclusion, the management of crops from organic agriculture aimed at improving soil ecosystem services, in contrasting degradation of soil health and the decline of SOC, can also have positive effects on crop productivity in the eastern Himalayan region of India as well as all over the world.



中文翻译:

印度喜马拉雅集约型有机水稻种植序列中的土壤碳动态

在国际文献中,土壤对支持,调节,提供和文化功能及其在生态系统服务中的作用的贡献是众所周知的。然而,在有机农业领域,农作系统的影响从谷类谷物转变为高频多样化的种植序列,其中豆类作为组成作物对土壤碳动态的影响尚不广泛。为了确定印度喜马拉雅地区广泛流行的稻米休耕生产系统的替代种植系统,共有七个种植序列,大米-香菜(绿色蔬菜)-玉米(RFM);大米-豌豆-玉米(R-Vp-M); 香菜(叶)-豆(RC-Cp);大米-胡芦巴(绿色蔬菜)-小玉米(RF-Bc); 大米-西兰花-塞巴尼亚(绿肥)(苏格兰皇家银行);从2013年至2018年,连续五年对水稻-荞麦(R-Bw)和水稻-玉米(RM)进行了评估,评估了它们的生产力和资源节约价值。结果表明,与基于RM(3.13 Mg ha -1)的序列相比,将豆科植物包括在基于水稻的序列中可使稻谷产量提高13.4%至24.6%。RBS序列的极不稳定碳(VLC)最高(4.6 g kg -1土壤),然后是R-Vp-M。顶部10 cm土壤中各种有机碳组分的相对比例依次为VLC(30.2%)>非不稳定碳(NLC,27.6%)>不稳定碳(LC,23.4%)>不稳定碳(LLC,18.9%) )。在RBS序列中,碳管理指数(CMI)最高(100.9%),其次是RC-Cp(98.0%)。按顺序添加第三批作物会使活性炭(AC)库增加1.1至5.8%。在RC-Cp序列下,土壤中的被动碳(PC)库最高(9.15 Mg ha -1)在0–10厘米土壤深度处。RC-Cp种植顺序下的碳保持效率最高(15.1%),其次是RBS(14.9%)。RBS和RC-Cp序列的土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)分别比RM序列高12.5%和10.6%。同样,与RM序列相比,RBS和RC-Cp使FDA分别增加了49.6和41.8%,使DHA增加了135.0%和103.9%。总之,旨在改善土壤生态系统服务的有机农业作物管理与土壤健康恶化和有机碳含量下降形成鲜明对比,也可能对印度东部喜马拉雅地区以及整个印度的作物生产率产生积极影响。世界。

更新日期:2020-03-19
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