Abstract In the present work, Cu2ZnSnS4 (known as kesterite) nanoparticles were synthesized by two-phase method. X-ray diffraction measurement confirmed formation of kesterite crystalline phase. Size of nanoparticles in colloidal suspension was determined by dynamic light scattering method and it was 9.2 ± 2.5 nm. The obtained nanoparticles were used as inorganic hole-transporting material (HTM) in paintable carbon-based PSC (C-PSC). Power conversion efficiency (PCE) was increased from 6.1% ± 1.1% for HTM-free paintable C-PSC to 9.3% ± 0.9% for paintable C-PSC with kesterite HTM. This significant increase in PCE was due to the higher hole-extraction rate at carbon counter-electrode, in the presence of kesterite HTM, which was confirmed by different measurement methods such as incident photon to current conversion efficiency, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Although hot-injection synthesized kesterite nanoparticles have been previously used as inorganic HTM in Ag and Au-based PSCs, using kesterite nanoparticles, synthesized by a cheaper method, i.e. two-phase method, in C-PSCs was reported in the present work, for the first time.

中文翻译：

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两相合成的Cu2ZnSnS4纳米粒子作为可涂漆碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池的无机空穴传输材料

摘要 在目前的工作中，Cu2ZnSnS4（称为黄铜矿）纳米颗粒是通过两相法合成的。X 射线衍射测量证实了黄锌矿晶相的形成。胶体悬浮液中纳米颗粒的尺寸通过动态光散射法测定，为 9.2±2.5 nm。获得的纳米颗粒用作可涂漆碳基 PSC (C-PSC) 中的无机空穴传输材料 (HTM)。功率转换效率 (PCE) 从不含 HTM 的可涂漆 C-PSC 的 6.1% ± 1.1% 增加到含锌黄锡矿 HTM 的可涂漆 C-PSC 的 9.3% ± 0.9%。PCE 的这种显着增加是由于在存在锌黄锡矿 HTM 的情况下，碳对电极的空穴提取率更高，这已通过不同的测量方法（例如入射光子到电流转换效率）得到证实，光致发光光谱和电化学阻抗光谱。尽管热注射合成的锌黄锡矿纳米颗粒以前已被用作 Ag 和 Au 基 PSC 中的无机 HTM，但在目前的工作中报道了在 C-PSC 中使用通过更便宜的方法（即两相法）合成的锌黄锡矿纳米颗粒，例如第一次。