Abstract The weed-free period is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of practices to reduce crop loss to weeds. To orient sustainable cropping system approaches in perennial crops such as coffee which are often grown with trees, orchard floor or groundcover management has been proposed to address not only crop loss, but also soil protection, plant nutrition, habitat for beneficial organisms and labor and input costs. The results of a long-term experiment in Masatepe, Nicaragua, comparing two intensities of organic and conventional coffee management under four combinations of deciduous and evergreen trees either leguminous (Inga laurina and Samanea saman) and non-leguminous (Simarouba glauca and Tabebuia rosea) and full sun concluded that with selective weed management under trees, soil is protected with both low-growing, shallow-rooted cover vegetation and tree leaf litter without yield loss, while also reducing herbicide and labor use. Over 11 years, treatments with trees compared to full sun coffee showed near absence of bare soil (P

中文翻译：

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尼加拉瓜遮荫和露天咖啡中地被植物成分对有机和常规杂草控制的长期响应

摘要 无杂草期用于评估减少作物因杂草造成损失的措施的有效性。已提议在多年生作物（如咖啡）中采用可持续种植系统方法，这些作物通常与树木一起种植，果园地面或地被植物管理不仅要解决作物损失问题，还要解决土壤保护、植物营养、有益生物的栖息地以及劳动力和投入成本。在尼加拉瓜 Masatepe 进行的一项长期实验的结果，比较了在豆科（Inga laurina 和 Samanea saman）和非豆科（Simarouba glauca 和 Tabebuia rosea）四种落叶和常绿乔木组合下的两种有机和传统咖啡管理强度和充满阳光的结论是，通过在树下进行选择性杂草管理，土壤受到保护，既低生长，浅根覆盖植被和树叶凋落物而不会损失产量，同时还减少了除草剂和劳动力的使用。11 年来，与全日照咖啡相比，树木处理显示几乎没有裸土（P