Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are common in participants of lung cancer screening trials and broad population-based cohorts. They are associated with increased mortality, but less is known about disease specific morbidity and healthcare utilisation in individuals with ILA. We included all participants from the screening arm of the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial with available baseline CT scan data (n = 1990) in this cohort study. The baseline scan was scored for the presence of ILA and patients were followed for up to 12 years. Data about all hospital admissions, primary healthcare visits and medicine prescriptions were collected from the Danish National Health Registries and used to determine the participants’ disease specific morbidity and healthcare utilisation using Cox proportional hazards models. The 332 (16.7%) participants with ILA were more likely to be diagnosed with one of several respiratory diseases, including interstitial lung disease (HR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.8–13.3, p = 0.008), COPD (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, p = 0.01), pneumonia (HR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.7, p < 0.001), lung cancer (HR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8–4.0, p < 0.001) and respiratory failure (HR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0, p = 0.03) compared with participants without ILA. These findings were confirmed by increased hospital admission rates with these diagnoses and more frequent prescriptions for inhalation medicine and antibiotics in participants with ILA. Individuals with ILA are more likely to receive a diagnosis and treatment for several respiratory diseases, including interstitial lung disease, COPD, pneumonia, lung cancer and respiratory failure during long-term follow-up.

中文翻译：

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间质性肺异常患者的呼吸系统疾病增加

间质性肺异常（ILA）在肺癌筛查试验和广泛人群研究中很常见。它们与死亡率增加有关，但对ILA患者的疾病特异性发病率和医疗保健利用知之甚少。在这项队列研究中，我们纳入了来自丹麦肺癌筛查试验筛查部门的所有参与者，并提供了可用的基线CT扫描数据（n = 1990）。对基线扫描进行ILA评分，并随访患者长达12年。有关所有医院入院，初级保健就诊和药物处方的数据均从丹麦国家卫生注册中心收集，并用于使用Cox比例风险模型确定参与者的疾病特定发病率和医疗保健利用率。332（16。7％）患有ILA的参与者更有可能被诊断出患有多种呼吸系统疾病之一，包括间质性肺疾病（HR：4.9，95％CI：1.8-13.3，p = 0.008），COPD（HR：1.7，95％CI ：1.2–2.3，p = 0.01），肺炎（HR：2.0、95％CI：1.4–2.7，p <0.001），肺癌（HR：2.7、95％CI：1.8–4.0，p <0.001）和呼吸道与没有ILA的参与者相比，失败（HR：1.8，95％CI：1.1–3.0，p = 0.03）。这些发现已被这些诊断的住院率增加和ILA参与者更频繁地使用吸入药物和抗生素的处方所证实。长期随访期间，患有ILA的个体更有可能接受多种呼吸系统疾病的诊断和治疗，包括间质性肺疾病，COPD，肺炎，肺癌和呼吸衰竭。