ABSTRACT Cancer immunotherapy has been extremely successful in curing patients over the last decade. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) that unleash the brakes in T-cells to promote cytotoxicity against cancer cells are the most successful forms of cancer immunotherapy, yet therapeutic efficacy needs to be improved as only a fraction of patients responds. Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune cells that prime immune responses by collecting information in tumour tissues, and carrying that information to T-cells, thus delivering proper information to DCs is essential. Biomaterial-based approaches can be powerful tools for this purpose, as biomaterials allow us to deliver a variety of immunotherapeutic agents at the right time and place. Herein, we review the key concepts of cancer immunotherapy; discuss the principles for designing biomaterials to deliver immunomodulatory molecules; and outline biomaterial-based strategies to prime anti-cancer immune responses. Specifically, we focus on two widely used forms of biomaterials, multifunctional nanoparticles and biocompatible scaffolds.

中文翻译：

---

基于生物材料的策略来引发树突状细胞介导的抗癌免疫反应

摘要 在过去十年中，癌症免疫疗法在治愈患者方面取得了极大的成功。免疫检查点阻断 (ICB) 可以释放 T 细胞中的刹车以促进对癌细胞的细胞毒性，是最成功的癌症免疫疗法形式，但由于只有一小部分患者有反应，因此需要提高治疗效果。树突状细胞 (DC) 是免疫细胞，它通过收集肿瘤组织中的信息并将该信息传递给 T 细胞来引发免疫反应，因此向 DC 传递正确的信息是必不可少的。基于生物材料的方法可以成为实现这一目的的强大工具，因为生物材料使我们能够在正确的时间和地点提供各种免疫治疗剂。在此，我们回顾了癌症免疫治疗的关键概念；讨论设计生物材料以提供免疫调节分子的原则；并概述基于生物材料的策略来引发抗癌免疫反应。具体来说，我们专注于两种广泛使用的生物材料形式，多功能纳米颗粒和生物相容性支架。