The human cerebral cortex is the source of many complex behaviors and is a vulnerable target of various neuropsychiatric disorders, but transcriptional profiles linked to cerebral cortical volume (CCV) differences across brain areas remain unknown. Here, we screened CCV-related genes using an across-sample spatial correlation analysis in 6 postmortem brains and then individually validated these correlations in 1091 subjects with different ages and ethnicities. We identified 62 genes whose transcriptional profiles were repeatedly associated with CCV in more than 90% of individuals. CCV-related genes were specifically expressed in neurons and in developmental periods from middle childhood to young adulthood, were enriched in ion channels and developmental processes, and showed significant overlap with genes linked to brain functional activity and mental disorders. The identified genes represent the conserved transcriptional architecture of the human cerebral cortex, suggesting a link between conserved gene transcription and neocortical structural properties.

中文翻译：

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与新皮质区域之间的体积差异相关的基因表达的个体水平鉴定。

人类大脑皮层是许多复杂行为的来源，也是各种神经精神疾病的脆弱目标，但与大脑区域大脑皮层体积 (CCV) 差异相关的转录谱仍然未知。在这里，我们在 6 个死后大脑中使用跨样本空间相关性分析筛选了 CCV 相关基因，然后在 1091 名不同年龄和种族的受试者中分别验证了这些相关性。我们在超过 90% 的个体中鉴定了 62 个基因，其转录谱与 CCV 重复相关。CCV 相关基因在神经元中特异表达，在童年中期到青年期的发育时期，在离子通道和发育过程中富集，并显示出与与大脑功能活动和精神障碍相关的基因显着重叠。鉴定出的基因代表了人类大脑皮层的保守转录结构，表明保守基因转录与新皮质结构特性之间存在联系。