Cyanines derived from heptamethines were mainly discussed regarding their functionalization to broaden the solubility in different surroundings exhibiting either hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties and to tailor made the ΔG_et photopysical properties with respect to absorption and fluorescence. Electrochemical properties were additionally considered for some selected examples. The cyanines chosen comprised as end groups either indolenine, benzo[e]- or benzo[cd]indolium pattern, which facilitated to shift the absorption between 750–1000 nm. This enabled their use in applications with light sources emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) region selected from high power LEDs or lasers with line-shaped focus. The absorbers considered were discussed regarding their function as sensitizer for applications related to Chemistry 4.0 standards. These were mainly photopolymer coatings, which can be found for applications in the graphic industry or to protect selected substrates. The huge release of heat on demand upon turning ON or OFF the NIR light source enables them for photothermal treatment in processes requesting heat to initiate either chemical (activated reactions) or physical (melting, evaporation) events.

中文翻译：

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花青类近红外吸收剂的光物理学和光化学：基于化学 4.0 的新技术的关键

主要讨论了源自七次甲基的花青的功能化，以扩大在不同环境中的溶解度，表现出亲水性或疏水性，并定制在吸收和荧光方面的Δ G _{et光物理性质。}对于一些选定的例子，还考虑了电化学性质。选择的花青包含假吲哚、苯并[ e ]-或苯并[ cd ]吲哚图案作为端基，这有助于在750-1000 nm之间移动吸收。这使得它们能够用于具有近红外 (NIR) 区域发射光源的应用，这些光源选自高功率 LED 或具有线形焦点的激光器。讨论了所考虑的吸收剂作为化学 4.0 标准相关应用的敏化剂的功能。这些主要是光聚合物涂层，可用于图形行业或保护选定的基材。打开或关闭近红外光源时，会按需释放大量热量，使它们能够在需要热量以引发化学（活化反应）或物理（熔化、蒸发）事件的过程中进行光热处理。