BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limiting acute systemic vasculitis occur mainly in infants and young children under 5 years old. Although the use of acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) remains the standard therapy to KD, the etiology, genetic susceptibility genes and pathogenic factors of KD are still un-elucidated. PURPOSE Current obstacles in the treatment of KD include the lack of standard clinical and genetic markers for early diagnosis, possible severe side effect of AAS (Reye's syndrome), and the refractory KD cases with resistance to IVIG therapy, therefore, this review has focused on introducing the current advances in the identification of genetic susceptibility genes, environmental factors, diagnostic markers and adjuvant pharmacological intervention for KD. RESULTS With an overall update in the development of KD from different aspects, our current bioinformatics data has suggested CASP3, CD40 and TLR4 as the possible pathogenic factors or diagnostic markers of KD. Besides, a list of herbal medicines which may work as the adjunct therapy for KD via targeting different proposed molecular targets of KD have also been summarized. CONCLUSION With the aid of modern pharmacological research and technology, it is anticipated that novel therapeutic remedies, especially active herbal chemicals targeting precise clinical markers of KD could be developed for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

中文翻译：

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针对川崎病易感基因的辅助草药疗法：川崎病的流行病学、发病机制、诊断和药物治疗概述。

背景技术川崎病(KD)是一种自限性急性全身性血管炎，主要发生于5岁以下婴幼儿。尽管乙酰水杨酸（AAS）联合静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）仍然是川崎病的标准治疗方法，但川崎病的病因、遗传易感基因和致病因素仍不清楚。目的目前治疗川崎病的障碍包括缺乏用于早期诊断的标准临床和遗传标志物、AAS（雷氏综合征）可能产生的严重副作用以及对 IVIG 治疗耐药的难治性川崎病病例，因此，本综述重点关注介绍了川崎病遗传易感基因鉴定、环境因素、诊断标志物及辅助药理干预的最新进展。结果随着KD发展过程的各个方面的全面更新，目前的生物信息学数据提示CASP3、CD40和TLR4是KD可能的致病因素或诊断标志物。此外，还总结了一系列可通过针对不同的 KD 分子靶点作为 KD 辅助治疗的草药。结论 在现代药理学研究和技术的帮助下，预计可以开发出新的治疗药物，特别是针对川崎病精确临床标志物的活性草药化学物质，以准确诊断和治疗该疾病。