Abstract Wildfire smoke aerosols, once emitted, can transport over long distances and affect surface air quality in downwind regions. In New York State (NYS), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration continues to decrease due to anthropogenic emission reductions and regulatory initiatives in recent years. Smoke aerosols, however, are projected to increase, making them the dominant source of PM2.5. Thus, the influences of smoke aerosols could become more important in the future. In this study, the long-range transport of smoke aerosols, and their impacts on local air quality over NYS in mid-August 2018 were investigated using satellite measurements, ground-based networks, and model products. Satellite measurements showed extensive fire activities over the northwestern United States (US) during August 8th – 10th. Air quality monitoring sites in NYS reported a threefold increase in average PM2.5 concentration (from 8.4 ± 3.4 μg m−3 to 24.8 ± 4.0 μg m−3) on August 15th – 16th, while the ground-based profiler network detected aerosol layers at 2–5 km across the state. Analysis of backward trajectories revealed that the plumes originated from wildfires, transported through southern Canada and arrived at the east coast during a period of 5–7 days. The increased PM2.5 in NYS can be attributed to boundary layer entrainment and vertical mixing of the aloft transported smoke aerosols down to the surface. The NYS mesoscale weather network (NYSM), which is originally designed for severe weather monitoring, demonstrate the capability to probe the lower atmosphere and provide the vertical extent information of air pollutants.

中文翻译：

---

运输的野火烟雾气溶胶对纽约州地表空气质量的影响：2018 年夏季的案例研究

摘要 野火烟雾气溶胶一旦排放，就可以长距离传输并影响下风向地区的地表空气质量。在纽约州 (NYS)，由于近年来人为减排和监管举措，细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 浓度持续下降。然而，预计烟雾气溶胶会增加，使其成为 PM2.5 的主要来源。因此，烟雾气溶胶的影响在未来可能会变得更加重要。在这项研究中，使用卫星测量、地面网络和模型产品调查了 2018 年 8 月中旬烟雾气溶胶的远程传输及其对纽约州当地空气质量的影响。卫星测量显示，8 月 8 日至 10 日期间，美国西北部 (US) 发生了广泛的火灾活动。纽约州空气质量监测点报告称，8 月 15 日至 16 日，平均 PM2.5 浓度增加了三倍（从 8.4 ± 3.4 μg m-3 增加到 24.8 ± 4.0 μg m-3），而地面剖面仪网络检测到气溶胶层在全州 2-5 公里处。对后向轨迹的分析表明，羽状物起源于野火，通过加拿大南部运输并在 5-7 天内到达东海岸。纽约州 PM2.5 的增加可归因于边界层夹带和高空输送的烟雾气溶胶向下到地表的垂直混合。NYS 中尺度天气网络 (NYSM) 最初是为恶劣天气监测而设计的，它展示了探测低层大气和提供空气污染物垂直范围信息的能力。