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Dissolved iron and manganese in the Canadian Arctic Ocean: on the biogeochemical processes controlling their distributions
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.012
Manuel Colombo , Sarah L. Jackson , Jay T. Cullen , Kristin J. Orians

Abstract Dissolved iron (DFe) and manganese (DMn) are essential micronutrients involved in vital phytoplankton physiological pathways, and their deficit can limit primary production in otherwise nutrient-replete surface ocean waters. In this work we present the spatial distributions and biogeochemical cycling of these metals across the Canadian GEOTRACES transect in the Canadian Arctic Ocean during the summer and autumn of 2015. Surface concentrations are dominated by freshwater inputs showing a strong negative correlation with salinity, especially for DMn which behaves more conservatively than DFe. The highest surface concentrations were measured in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Fe: 0.401–1.91 and Mn: 4.33–9.54 nmol kg−1) and the Canada Basin (Fe: 0.225–0.479 and Mn: 3.93–7.02 nmol kg−1), regions highly influenced by riverine inputs, whereas the lowest values were found in the Labrador Sea (Fe: 0.106–0.362 and Mn: 0.450–1.09 nmol kg−1) where freshwater inputs diminished and phytoplankton uptake increased. Subsurface and deep water distributions for both metals are largely controlled by a complex balance between sources (advective inputs and organic matter remineralization) and removal processes. The subsurface peaks (∼100–300 m) observed in the Canada Basin (Fe: 0.541 ± 0.060 and Mn: 1.38 ± 0.42 nmol kg−1) and Baffin Bay (Fe: 0.753–1.03 nmol kg−1) were advected from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago respectively, where DFe and DMn are released from the benthic boundary layer in these shelf-dominated environments. Advective sources associated with the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current, rather than vertical fluxes of DFe and DMn in sinking particles, dominate metal distributions in the deep Canada Basin waters (>300 m). In the highly productive Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea, organic matter remineralization is a notable source of DFe and DMn to deep waters. In the deepest waters (>1000 m), scavenging of DFe and DMn govern their vertical distributions; a pseudo-first order scavenging model explained the continuous removal of DMn in the Canada Basin, where the concentrations reach uniformly low concentrations (0.150 ± 0.004 nmol kg−1) after ∼400 years. Applying this DMn scavenging model we were able to estimate the age (120–190 years) of deep Baffin Bay waters, a topic of discussion for many years.

中文翻译:

加拿大北冰洋中溶解的铁和锰:关于控制其分布的生物地球化学过程

摘要 溶解铁 (DFe) 和锰 (DMn) 是重要的浮游植物生理途径中必不可少的微量营养素,它们的缺乏会限制营养丰富的表层海水中的初级生产。在这项工作中,我们展示了 2015 年夏季和秋季在加拿大北冰洋的加拿大 GEOTRACES 横断面上这些金属的空间分布和生物地球化学循环。 地表浓度以淡水输入为主,显示出与盐度的强烈负相关,尤其是 DMn它的行为比 DFe 更保守。在加拿大北极群岛(Fe:0.401-1.91 和 Mn:4.33-9.54 nmol kg-1)和加拿大盆地(Fe:0.225-0.479 和 Mn:3.93-7.02 nmol kg-1)测得最高表面浓度,受河流输入影响较大的地区,而最低值出现在拉布拉多海(Fe:0.106-0.362 和 Mn:0.450-1.09 nmol kg-1),其中淡水输入减少,浮游植物吸收增加。两种金属的地下和深水分布在很大程度上受来源(平流输入和有机物质再矿化)和去除过程之间的复杂平衡控制。在加拿大盆地 (Fe: 0.541 ± 0.060 和 Mn: 1.38 ± 0.42 nmol kg-1) 和 Baffin Bay (Fe: 0.753–1.03 nmol kg-1) 观察到的地下峰 (~100–300 m) 是从楚科奇海和加拿大北极群岛分别在这些以陆架为主的环境中从底栖边界层中释放出 DFe 和 DMn。与北极环极边界流相关的平流源,而不是下沉粒子中 DFe 和 DMn 的垂直通量,在加拿大盆地深水(> 300 m)中占主导地位的金属分布。在高产的巴芬湾和拉布拉多海,有机质再矿化是深水 DFe 和 DMn 的重要来源。在最深的水域 (>1000 m),DFe 和 DMn 的清除控制了它们的垂直分布;伪一级清除模型解释了加拿大盆地中 DMn 的连续去除,其中浓度在大约 400 年后达到均匀的低浓度 (0.150 ± 0.004 nmol kg-1)。应用此 DMn 清除模型,我们能够估计巴芬湾深水的年龄(120-190 岁),这是多年来讨论的话题。有机质再矿化是深水 DFe 和 DMn 的重要来源。在最深的水域 (>1000 m),DFe 和 DMn 的清除控制了它们的垂直分布;伪一级清除模型解释了加拿大盆地中 DMn 的连续去除,其中浓度在大约 400 年后达到均匀的低浓度 (0.150 ± 0.004 nmol kg-1)。应用此 DMn 清除模型,我们能够估计巴芬湾深水的年龄(120-190 岁),这是多年来讨论的话题。有机质再矿化是深水 DFe 和 DMn 的重要来源。在最深的水域 (>1000 m),DFe 和 DMn 的清除控制了它们的垂直分布;伪一级清除模型解释了加拿大盆地中 DMn 的连续去除,其中浓度在大约 400 年后达到均匀的低浓度 (0.150 ± 0.004 nmol kg-1)。应用此 DMn 清除模型,我们能够估计巴芬湾深水的年龄(120-190 岁),这是多年来讨论的话题。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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