Software developers usually start coding an application with no formal architecture in mind and relying on intuition and experience instead of on well-known design patters. A different approach is recommended for the development of IoT smart applications due to its high complexity that combines sensors, actuators, communication technologies, and big data analytics, as well as its distributed nature that spans for different layers of field, fog, and cloud infrastructure. Literature reports many experiences of software development for IoT smart applications. However, architectural solutions are presented with no rationale for the choice of software components and the way they relate to each other. This paper proposes a classification for software components and their relationships in order to model a software architecture for a particular IoT smart application. Three smart applications for cities, buildings, and agriculture were selected as examples of using some components, connectors, and well-known design patterns. Finally, the problems and challenges involved in the choice of software architectures for IoT are discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于开发物联网智能应用的架构软件模式

软件开发人员开始编写应用程序时通常没有考虑正式的体系结构，而是依靠直觉和经验而不是众所周知的设计模式。由于物联网智能应用程序的高度复杂性，它结合了传感器、执行器、通信技术和大数据分析，以及其跨越领域、雾和云基础设施不同层的分布式特性，建议采用不同的方法开发物联网智能应用程序. 文献报道了许多物联网智能应用软件开发的经验。但是，架构解决方案在选择软件组件及其相互关联的方式时没有任何依据。本文提出了软件组件及其关系的分类，以便为特定物联网智能应用程序建模软件架构。选择了城市、建筑和农业的三个智能应用程序作为使用一些组件、连接器和众所周知的设计模式的示例。最后，讨论了物联网软件架构选择所涉及的问题和挑战。