Human noroviruses are the most common viral agents of acute gastroenteritis. Recently, human intestinal enteroids were shown to be permissive for norovirus infection. We tested their suitability as a system to study norovirus neutralization. Hyperimmune sera raised against virus-like particles (VLPs) representing different genotypes showed highly-specific neutralization activity against GII.4 and GII.6 noroviruses. Carbohydrate blocking assays and neutralization exhibited similar patterns in antibody responses. Notably, sera produced against chimeric VLPs that presented swapped structural domains, shell and protruding (P), from different genotypes showed that neutralization is primarily mediated by antibodies mapping to the P domain of the norovirus capsid protein. This study provides empirical information on the antigenic differences among genotypes as measured by neutralization, which could guide vaccine design.

中文翻译：

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诺如病毒的基因型特异性中和作用是由针对主要衣壳蛋白突出结构域的抗体介导的

人类诺如病毒是急性胃肠炎最常见的病毒因子。最近，人类肠道 enteroids 被证明是允许诺如病毒感染的。我们测试了它们作为研究诺如病毒中和作用的系统的适用性。针对代表不同基因型的病毒样颗粒 (VLP) 产生的超免疫血清显示出针对 GII.4 和 GII.6 诺如病毒的高度特异性中和活性。碳水化合物阻断测定和中和在抗体反应中表现出相似的模式。值得注意的是，针对来自不同基因型的交换结构域、外壳和突出 (P) 的嵌合 VLP 产生的血清表明，中和主要由映射到诺如病毒衣壳蛋白 P 域的抗体介导。