Color polymorphism is an interesting property of chemical systems which present crystal polymorphs of different colors. It is a rare phenomenon, with only a few examples reported in the literature hitherto. Nevertheless, systems exhibiting color polymorphism have many potential applications in different domains, such as pigment, sensor, and technology industries. Here, known representative chemical systems showing color polymorphism are reviewed, and the reasons for them to present such property discussed. Also, since some of the concepts related to color polymorphism have been frequently used imprecisely in the scientific literature, this article provides concise, systematic definitions for these concepts.

颜色多晶现象是化学系统的一个有趣特性，它呈现出不同颜色的晶体多晶型物。这是一种罕见的现象，迄今为止在文献中仅报道了少数例子。然而，表现出颜色多态性的系统在不同领域具有许多潜在应用，例如颜料、传感器和技术行业。在此，回顾了显示颜色多态性的已知代表性化学系统，并讨论了它们呈现这种特性的原因。此外，由于与颜色多态性相关的一些概念在科学文献中经常被不准确地使用，本文为这些概念提供了简明、系统的定义。