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Mechanisms of ultrafine particle-induced respiratory health effects.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 , DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0394-0
George D Leikauf 1 , Sang-Heon Kim 2 , An-Soo Jang 3
Affiliation  

Particulate matter (PM) is the principal component of air pollution. PM includes a range of particle sizes, such as coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles. Particles that are <100 nm in diameter are defined as ultrafine particles (UFPs). UFPs are found to a large extent in urban air as both singlet and aggregated particles. UFPs are classified into two major categories based on their source. Typically, UFPs are incidentally generated in the environment, often as byproducts of fossil fuel combustion, condensation of semivolatile substances or industrial emissions, whereas nanoparticles are manufactured through controlled engineering processes. The primary exposure mechanism of PM is inhalation. Inhalation of PM exacerbates respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear. This review offers insights into the mechanisms by which particles, including UFPs, influence airway inflammation and discusses several mechanisms that may explain the relationship between particulate air pollutants and human health, particularly respiratory health. Understanding the mechanisms of PM-mediated lung injury will enhance efforts to protect at-risk individuals from the harmful health effects of air pollutants.

中文翻译:

超细颗粒引起的呼吸系统健康影响的机制。

颗粒物(PM)是空气污染的主要成分。PM 包括一系列粒径,例如粗颗粒、细颗粒和超细颗粒。直径 <100 nm 的颗粒被定义为超细颗粒 (UFP)。UFP 在很大程度上以单线态颗粒和聚集颗粒的形式存在于城市空气中。UFP 根据其来源分为两大类。通常,UFP 是在环境中偶然产生的,通常是化石燃料燃烧、半挥发性物质冷凝或工业排放的副产品,而纳米粒子是通过受控的工程过程制造的。PM 的主要暴露机制是吸入。吸入 PM 会加剧慢性气道疾病患者的呼吸道症状,但这种反应的机制仍不清楚。这篇综述深入探讨了颗粒物(包括 UFP)影响气道炎症的机制,并讨论了可能解释颗粒物空气污染物与人类健康(特别是呼吸道健康)之间关系的几种机制。了解 PM 介导的肺损伤机制将有助于保护高危人群免受空气污染物对健康的有害影响。
更新日期:2020-04-24
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