Fungal infections have become a serious medical problem due to the high infection rate and the frequent emergence of drug resistance. Ergosterol is an important structural component of the fungal cell membrane, its synthetases (squalene epoxidase (SE) and 14α-demethylase (CYP51)) are considered as the key points to block the ergosterol synthesis. In this study, we designed a series of dual-target arylamides derivatives based on the analysis of active sites (SE, CYP51). Subsequently, these target compounds were synthesized, and their antifungal activity was evaluated. Most of compounds demonstrate the potent antifungal activity against multiple Candida spp. and A. fum. In particular, the antifungal activities of compounds 10b and 11c are not only superior to positive control drugs, but also have significant inhibitory effects on drug-resistant fungi (C.alb. Strain100, C.alb. Strain103). Therefore, their action mechanism was further studied. Cellular uptake and electron microscopy observation showed that target compounds were able to enter fungal cytoplasmic region through free diffusion, and destroyed cell membrane structure. At the same time, preliminary mechanisms have demonstrated that they can affect the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting the activity of dual targets. It is worth noting that they also can exhibit excellent antifungal activity and low toxic side effects in vivo. Their ADMET properties and binding models were established will be useful for further lead optimization.

中文翻译：

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潜在的芳基酰胺衍生物作为双目标抗真菌剂：设计，合成，生物学评估和分子对接研究。

由于高感染率和频繁出现的耐药性，真菌感染已成为严重的医学问题。麦角固醇是真菌细胞膜的重要结构成分，其合成酶（角鲨烯环氧酶（SE）和14α-脱甲基酶（CYP51））被认为是阻断麦角固醇合成的关键点。在这项研究中，我们基于对活性位点（SE，CYP51）的分析设计了一系列双靶芳酰胺衍生物。随后，合成这些目标化合物，并评估其抗真菌活性。大多数化合物对多种念珠菌均显示出有效的抗真菌活性。和烟熏 特别是，化合物10b和11c的抗真菌活性不仅优于阳性对照药物，但对耐药真菌也有明显的抑制作用（C.alb。Strain100，C.alb。Strain103）。因此，对其作用机理进行了进一步研究。细胞吸收和电子显微镜观察表明，目标化合物能够通过自由扩散进入真菌细胞质区域，并破坏细胞膜结构。同时，初步机制已证明它们可以通过抑制双重靶标的活性来影响麦角甾醇的合成。值得注意的是，它们在体内还表现出优异的抗真菌活性和低毒副作用。他们的ADMET特性和结合模型的建立对于进一步优化潜在客户将很有用。细胞吸收和电子显微镜观察表明，目标化合物能够通过自由扩散进入真菌细胞质区域，并破坏细胞膜结构。同时，初步机制已证明它们可以通过抑制双重靶标的活性来影响麦角甾醇的合成。值得注意的是，它们在体内还表现出优异的抗真菌活性和低毒副作用。他们的ADMET特性和结合模型的建立对于进一步优化潜在客户将很有用。细胞吸收和电子显微镜观察表明，目标化合物能够通过自由扩散进入真菌细胞质区域，并破坏细胞膜结构。同时，初步机制已证明它们可以通过抑制双重靶标的活性来影响麦角甾醇的合成。值得注意的是，它们在体内还表现出优异的抗真菌活性和低毒副作用。他们的ADMET特性和结合模型的建立对于进一步优化潜在客户将很有用。值得注意的是，它们在体内还表现出优异的抗真菌活性和低毒副作用。他们的ADMET特性和结合模型的建立对于进一步优化潜在客户将很有用。值得注意的是，它们在体内还表现出优异的抗真菌活性和低毒副作用。他们的ADMET特性和结合模型的建立对于进一步优化潜在客户将很有用。