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Biological soil health indicators respond to tillage intensity: A US meta-analysis
Geoderma ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114335
Márcio R. Nunes , Douglas L. Karlen , Kristen S. Veum , Thomas B. Moorman , Cynthia A. Cambardella

Abstract Tillage intensity affects soil microbiological activity in many ways, often driven by changes in soil organic C (SOC) content. The magnitude and direction of those changes, however, depends on inherent (e.g., soil type and texture), experimental (e.g., study duration and sampling depth) and agronomic factors (e.g., cropping system and crop residue management). This nationwide meta-analysis examines published effects of chisel plowing (CP), no-tillage (NT), and perennial cropping systems (PER) relative to moldboard plow (MP) on seven soil health indicators: SOC, microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), soil respiration (Resp), active-C (AC), beta-glucosidase activity (BG) and soil protein (Prot) within four soil depth increments in 302 studies from throughout the United States (U.S.). Overall, converting from MP to CP primarily affected topsoil (0 to ≤ 15 cm) SOC, MBC, and Resp, whereas converting from MP to NT significantly increased all seven soil health indicators in the topsoil. Below the topsoil, NT had greater MBC, MBN, Resp, and BG relative to MP (i.e., 15 to 25-cm). The impact of NT was affected by latitude, soil order, time under NT, and cropping system. Among soil orders, management practices had the largest positive effects in Ultisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, and Mollisols. Those effects were most noticeable at lower latitudes, in systems that included cover crops or residue retention, and in experiments conducted for at least three years. Perennial systems had a positive effect on all soil health indicators at all soil depths (0 to >40-cm). The positive response of PER systems compared to MP was enhanced at lower latitudes and in Alfisols, Inceptisols, Entisols, and Mollisols. Based on this meta-analysis, reducing tillage intensity, planting cover crop and/or minimizing crop residue removal within annual cropping systems can significantly improve soil biological health in the U.S. Finally, we demonstrate that SOC and many other biological indicators are sensitive to management practices, confirming their utility in soil health assessment.

中文翻译:

生物土壤健康指标对耕作强度的反应:美国荟萃分析

摘要 耕作强度以多种方式影响土壤微生物活动,通常由土壤有机碳 (SOC) 含量的变化驱动。然而,这些变化的幅度和方向取决于固有(例如,土壤类型和质地)、实验(例如,研究持续时间和采样深度)和农艺因素(例如,种植系统和作物残留管理)。这项全国性的荟萃分析检查了凿耕 (CP)、免耕 (NT) 和多年生耕作系统 (PER) 相对于犁板犁 (MP) 对七个土壤健康指标的影响:SOC、微生物生物量 C (MBC) 、微生物生物量 N (MBN)、土壤呼吸 (Resp)、活性碳 (AC)、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性 (BG) 和土壤蛋白质 (Prot) 在来自美国各地的 302 项研究中的四个土壤深度增量内. 全面的,从 MP 转换为 CP 主要影响表土(0 至 ≤ 15 cm)SOC、MBC 和 Resp,而从 MP 转换为 NT 显着增加了表土中的所有七项土壤健康指标。在表土之下,NT 的 MBC、MBN、Resp 和 BG 相对于 MP(即 15 至 25 厘米)更大。NT的影响受纬度、土壤秩序、NT下时间和种植制度的影响。在土壤等级中,管理实践对 Ultisol、Inceptisol、Alfisols 和 Mollisol 产生了最大的积极影响。这些影响在低纬度地区、包括覆盖作物或残留物保留的系统中以及在进行至少三年的实验中最为明显。多年生系统对所有土壤深度(0 至 >40 厘米)的所有土壤健康指标都有积极影响。与 MP 相比,PER 系统的积极响应在低纬度地区和 Alfisols、Inceptisols、Entisols 和 Mollisols 中得到增强。基于此荟萃分析,在一年生作物系统中减少耕作强度、种植覆盖作物和/或最大限度地减少作物残留物的清除可以显着改善美国的土壤生物健康最后,我们证明 SOC 和许多其他生物指标对管理实践很敏感,确认它们在土壤健康评估中的效用。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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