Abstract The efficient removal of trace micro pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater has been deemed as major challenge in the field of water treatment. Membrane composites have shown promises for the removal of these contaminants via green chemistry principles (i.e. membrane filtration). However, membrane composites normally lack appropriate surface porosity which hinders their performance, and it oftentimes causes membrane fouling. In this work, in order to ensure simultaneous removal of trace micro pollutants and heavy metals, a multi-functional active carbon inlayed poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membrane with antifouling surface of polyacryloyl hydrazide (PAH)-grafted-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) layer is fabricated for the cross-flowing separation of oil/water emulsion, and heavy metals removal. The as-prepared PVDF-membrane composite with highly porous structure is integrated with powdered activated carbon (PAC) inlayed via the delayed liquid-liquid de-mixing process. The system shows high dynamic adsorption capacity towards the removal of toxic micro pollutants such as nitro-phenol, sulfamerazine and bisphenol A. In addition, micro/nano-hierarchical surface is constructed on the PVDF membrane via phase inversion. This enables successful anchorage of PAH-grafted-CNTs as antifouling layer on the surface of the PVDF-membrane. The reductive hydrophilic PAH brush on CNTs adsorbs different kinds of trace heavy metals (i.e. Cu2+, Ni+, and Cr3+) through reduction process. The PAH-grafted-CNTs also endows the composite membrane with excellent antifouling towards proteins.

中文翻译：

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具有自限功能碳纳米管层的分层聚（偏二氟乙烯）/活性炭复合膜用于难处理的废水修复

摘要 有效去除废水中的微量微量污染物和重金属已被视为水处理领域的重大挑战。膜复合材料已显示出通过绿色化学原理（即膜过滤）去除这些污染物的前景。然而，膜复合材料通常缺乏适当的表面孔隙率，这会影响其性能，并且经常导致膜污染。在这项工作中，为了确保同时去除痕量微量污染物和重金属，一种多功能活性炭镶嵌聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）复合膜具有聚丙烯酰肼（PAH）接枝碳纳米管的防污表面（ CNTs) 层用于油/水乳液的交叉流动分离和重金属去除。所制备的具有高度多孔结构的 PVDF 膜复合材料与通过延迟液-液分离过程镶嵌的粉末活性炭 (PAC) 相结合。该系统在去除硝基苯酚、磺胺嘧啶和双酚 A 等有毒微污染物方面显示出高动态吸附能力。此外，通过相转化在 PVDF 膜上构建了微/纳米分层表面。这使得 PAH 接枝的 CNT 能够成功锚定作为 PVDF 膜表面的防污层。碳纳米管上的还原性亲水多环芳烃刷通过还原过程吸附不同种类的微量重金属（即 Cu2+、Ni+ 和 Cr3+）。PAH 接枝的 CNTs 还赋予复合膜对蛋白质的优异防污性能。