Microbial electrosynthesis systems (MESs) as a sustainable platform hold great potential for energy and resource recovery in waste/wastewater treatment. They can convert waste materials into a variety of value-added products with an electrochemical driving force and microbial catalysis. In order to comprehensively understand the use of MESs in bioelectrosynthesis and to promote their future application, this review addresses the fundamental aspects and recent accomplishments. It includes the mechanisms involved in the bioelectrosynthesis of value-added products in MES, the key advances in MES with waste materials as substrates (such as wastewater, solid waste and waste gas), the critical factors that affect MES performance, as well as current challenges and perspectives for future practical applications of MESs. The review provides a thorough understanding of value-added products bioelectrosynthesis, which is needed for the scale-up and application of MES in a sustainable combination of energy recovery and waste/wastewater treatment.

微生物电合成系统（MESs）作为可持续平台，在废水/废水处理中具有巨大的能源和资源回收潜力。它们可以利用电化学驱动力和微生物催化作用将废料转化为各种增值产品。为了全面了解MES在生物电合成中的应用并促进其在未来的应用，本文综述了MES的基本方面和最新成果。它包括MES中增值产品的生物电合成所涉及的机制，以废物为底物（例如废水，固体废物和废气）的MES的主要进展，影响MES性能的关键因素以及当前MES未来实际应用的挑战和前景。