The treatment paradigm of several cancers has dramatically changed in recent years with the introduction of immunotherapy. Most oncology trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIPs) have routinely excluded patients with HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) due to concerns about viral reactivation, fears of increased toxicity, and the potential lack of efficacy in these patient subgroups. However, with current antiviral therapies, HIV and HBV infections have become chronic diseases and HCV infections can even be cured. Broadening cancer trial eligibility criteria in order to include cancer patients with chronic viral infections can maximize the ecological validity of study results and the ability to understand the ICPIs' benefit-risk profile in patients with these comorbidities. In this review, we examined the evidence on the efficacy and safety of using ICPIs in cancer patients with concurrent chronic viral infections.

中文翻译：

---

免疫检查点抑制剂在晚期癌症和先前存在的慢性病毒感染（乙型/丙型肝炎，艾滋病毒）患者中的安全性和有效性：现有证据综述。

近年来，随着免疫疗法的引入，几种癌症的治疗方式发生了巨大变化。大多数涉及免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIP）的肿瘤学试验都常规排除了HIV感染，慢性病毒性乙型肝炎（HBV）和丙型肝炎（HCV）的患者，因为他们担心病毒的重新激活，担心毒性增加以及可能缺乏疗效患者亚组。然而，使用当前的抗病毒疗法，HIV和HBV感染已成为慢性疾病，甚至可以治愈HCV感染。为了将患有慢性病毒感染的癌症患者包括在内，扩大癌症试验的资格标准可以最大程度地提高研究结果的生态有效性和了解这些合并症患者的ICPI获益风险状况的能力。在这篇评论中