Transitional B cells (TrB cells) represent a crucial link between immature B cells in the bone marrow and mature peripheral B cells. Although TrB cells represent one of the regulatory B cell subpopulations in healthy individuals, the frequency of CD24hiCD38hi TrB cells in circulation may be altered in individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Although TrB cells play regulatory roles under inflammatory conditions, consequences of their functional impairment vary across autoimmune diseases. Since the origin, development, and function of TrB cells, especially in humans, remain unclear and controversial, this review aimed to discuss the characteristics of TrB cells at steady state and explore their role in various immune diseases, including autoimmune rheumatic diseases and neuroimmunological diseases.

中文翻译：

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参与自身免疫的过渡性B细胞及其对神经免疫疾病的影响。

过渡性B细胞（TrB细胞）代表了骨髓中未成熟B细胞与成熟外周B细胞之间的重要纽带。尽管TrB细胞代表健康个体中的B细胞调节亚群之一，但CD24hiCD38hi TrB细胞在循环中的频率可能会在患有自身免疫性疾病（例如多发性硬化症，视神经脊髓炎，系统性红斑狼疮，干燥综合征，类风湿性关节炎）的个体中发生改变，全身性硬化症和青少年皮肌炎。尽管TrB细胞在炎症条件下起调节作用，但其功能损害的后果在各种自身免疫性疾病中各不相同。由于TrB细胞的起源，发育和功能（尤其是在人类中）仍然不清楚且存在争议，