Despite the promising results from the placement of covered or uncovered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a nonsurgical therapeutic option for the malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), the long patency of the stent is still limited because of stent-induced tissue hyperplasia. Here, a local heat treatment using a nanofunctionalized SEMS is proposed for suppressing stent-induced tissue hyperplasia during GOO treatment. Highly efficient photothermal gold nanoparticle (GNP) transducer-coated SEMSs (GNP-SEMSs) were prepared for local heat treatment in rat gastric outlet. The in vivo heating temperature in rat gastric outlet model was evaluated and compared with in vitro heating temperature. Three groups of our developed 45 rat gastric outlet models were used: group A, noncoated SEMS only; group B, GNP-SEMS plus local heating; and group C, GNP-SEMS only to investigate in vivo efficacy of GNP-SEMS mediated local heating. Ten rats per group were sacrificed for 4 weeks, and five rats per group were sacrificed immediately after local heat treatment. The in vivo heating temperature was found to be 10.8% lower than the in vitro heating temperatures. GNP-SEMSs were successfully placed through a percutaneous approach into the rat gastric outlet (n = 45). The therapeutic effects of GNP-SEMS were assessed by histologic examination including hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, immunohistochemistry (TUNEL and CD31), and immunofluorescence (Ki67), and the results showed significant prevention of tissue hyperplasia following stent placement without adjacent gastrointestinal tissue damage. GNP-SEMS-mediated local heating could be an alternative therapeutic option for the suppression of tissue hyperplasia following stent placement in benign and malignant GOOs.

中文翻译：

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纳米功能化自扩张金属支架在大鼠胃出口模型中抑制胃十二指肠支架诱导的组织增生

尽管将有盖或未覆盖的自扩张金属支架（SEMS）放置作为恶性胃出口梗阻（GOO）的非手术治疗选择的前景令人鼓舞，但由于支架引起的组织增生，支架的长期开放仍然受到限制。在此，提出了使用纳米功能化的SEMS的局部热处理以抑制GOO治疗期间支架诱导的组织增生。制备了高效光热金纳米粒子（GNP）换能器涂覆的SEMS（GNP-SEMSs），用于大鼠胃部出口的局部热处理。评价大鼠胃出口模型中的体内加热温度，并将其与体外加热温度进行比较。使用我们开发的45种大鼠胃出口模型中的三组：A组，仅非涂层SEMS；B组，GNP-SEMS加局部加热；C组 GNP-SEMS仅用于研究GNP-SEMS介导的局部加热的体内功效。每组十只大鼠处死4周，每组五只大鼠在局部热处理后立即处死。发现体内加热温度比体外加热温度低10.8％。GNP-SEMSs通过经皮入路成功地放入大鼠胃出口（n = 45）。通过组织学检查评估了GNP-SEMS的治疗效果，包括苏木精-伊红，Masson三色染色，免疫组织化学（TUNEL和CD31）和免疫荧光（Ki67），结果表明，支架置入后可显着预防组织增生，而不会对胃肠道组织造成损害。GNP-SEMS介导的局部加热可能是抑制在良性和恶性GOOs中放置支架后组织增生的替代治疗选择。