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Iron protects childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells from methotrexate cytotoxicity.
Cancer Medicine ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-16 , DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2982
Marjan Abedi 1 , Soheila Rahgozar 1 , Abolghasem Esmaeili 1
Affiliation  

Drug resistance is a fundamental clinical concern in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pALL), and methotrexate (MTX) is an essential chemotherapy drug administered for the treatment. In the current study, the effect of iron in response to methotrexate and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in pALL cells. CCRF-CEM and Nalm6 cell lines were selected as T and B-ALL subtypes. Cells were pretreated with ferric ammonium citrate, exposed to the IC50 concentration of MTX and cell viability was assessed using MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. Iron-loaded cells were strongly resistant to MTX cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of N-acetyl cysteine to reverse the acquired MTX resistance was greater than that of the iron chelator, deferasirox, highlighting the importance of iron-mediated ROS in MTX resistance. Subsequently, the upregulation of BCL2, SOD2, NRF2, and MRP1 was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the MRP1 expression levels and bone marrow iron storage in pALL patients. Further supporting our findings were the hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections showing that iron-treated nude mice xenografts demonstrated significantly more liver damage than those unexposed to iron. Overall, iron is introduced as a player with a novel role contributing to methotrexate resistance in pALL. Our findings suggest that the patients' bone marrow iron stores are necessary to be assessed during the chemotherapy, and transfusions should be carefully administrated.

中文翻译:

铁保护儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞免受甲氨蝶呤细胞毒性。

耐药性是儿科急性淋巴细胞白血病 (pALL) 的基本临床问题,而甲氨蝶呤 (MTX) 是用于治疗的基本化疗药物。在目前的研究中,铁对甲氨蝶呤的反应及其潜在机制在 pALL 细胞中进行了研究。CCRF-CEM 和 Nalm6 细胞系被选为 T 和 B-ALL 亚型。细胞用柠檬酸铁铵预处理,暴露于 IC50 浓度的 MTX,并使用 MTT、集落形成和流式细胞术测定评估细胞活力。负载铁的细胞对 MTX 细胞毒性有很强的抵抗力。N-乙酰半胱氨酸逆转获得性 MTX 抗性的抑制作用大于铁螯合剂地拉罗司,突出了铁介导的 ROS 在 MTX 抗性中的重要性。随后,使用定量 RT-PCR 证实了 BCL2、SOD2、NRF2 和 MRP1 的上调。此外,在 pALL 患者中,MRP1 表达水平与骨髓铁储存之间显示出正相关。进一步支持我们的发现的是苏木精和伊红染色的组织切片,显示铁处理的裸鼠异种移植物比未接触铁的裸鼠表现出明显更多的肝损伤。总的来说,铁作为一种新的角色被引入,有助于 pALL 中的甲氨蝶呤抗性。我们的研究结果表明,在化疗期间必须评估患者的骨髓铁储备,并且应该谨慎地进行输血。在 pALL 患者中,MRP1 表达水平与骨髓铁储存呈正相关。进一步支持我们的发现的是苏木精和伊红染色的组织切片,显示铁处理的裸鼠异种移植物比未接触铁的裸鼠表现出明显更多的肝损伤。总的来说,铁作为一种新的角色被引入,有助于 pALL 中的甲氨蝶呤抗性。我们的研究结果表明,在化疗期间必须评估患者的骨髓铁储备,并且应该谨慎地进行输血。在 pALL 患者中,MRP1 表达水平与骨髓铁储存之间显示出正相关。进一步支持我们的发现的是苏木精和伊红染色的组织切片,显示铁处理的裸鼠异种移植物比未接触铁的裸鼠表现出明显更多的肝损伤。总的来说,铁作为一种新的角色被引入,有助于 pALL 中的甲氨蝶呤抗性。我们的研究结果表明,在化疗期间必须评估患者的骨髓铁储备,并且应该谨慎地进行输血。进一步支持我们的发现的是苏木精和伊红染色的组织切片,显示铁处理的裸鼠异种移植物比未接触铁的裸鼠表现出明显更多的肝损伤。总的来说,铁作为一种新的角色被引入,有助于 pALL 中的甲氨蝶呤抗性。我们的研究结果表明,在化疗期间必须评估患者的骨髓铁储备,并且应该谨慎地进行输血。进一步支持我们的发现的是苏木精和伊红染色的组织切片,显示铁处理的裸鼠异种移植物比未接触铁的裸鼠表现出更多的肝损伤。总的来说,铁作为一种新的角色被引入,有助于 pALL 中的甲氨蝶呤抗性。我们的研究结果表明,在化疗期间必须评估患者的骨髓铁储备,并且应该谨慎地进行输血。
更新日期:2020-03-16
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