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Phylogenetic Modeling of Regulatory Element Turnover Based on Epigenomic Data.
Molecular Biology and Evolution ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-16 , DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa073
Noah Dukler 1, 2 , Yi-Fei Huang 3 , Adam Siepel 1
Affiliation  

Evolutionary changes in gene expression are often driven by gains and losses of cis-regulatory elements (CREs). The dynamics of CRE evolution can be examined using multispecies epigenomic data, but so far such analyses have generally been descriptive and model-free. Here, we introduce a probabilistic modeling framework for the evolution of CREs that operates directly on raw chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) data and fully considers the phylogenetic relationships among species. Our framework includes a phylogenetic hidden Markov model, called epiPhyloHMM, for identifying the locations of multiply aligned CREs, and a combined phylogenetic and generalized linear model, called phyloGLM, for accounting for the influence of a rich set of genomic features in describing their evolutionary dynamics. We apply these methods to previously published ChIP-seq data for the H3K4me3 and H3K27ac histone modifications in liver tissue from nine mammals. We find that enhancers are gained and lost during mammalian evolution at about twice the rate of promoters, and that turnover rates are negatively correlated with DNA sequence conservation, expression level, and tissue breadth, and positively correlated with distance from the transcription start site, consistent with previous findings. In addition, we find that the predicted dosage sensitivity of target genes positively correlates with DNA sequence constraint in CREs but not with turnover rates, perhaps owing to differences in the effect sizes of the relevant mutations. Altogether, our probabilistic modeling framework enables a variety of powerful new analyses.

中文翻译:

基于表观基因组数据的调控元件周转的系统发生建模。

基因表达的进化变化通常由顺式的得失驱动-调节元件(CRE)。可以使用多物种表观基因组学数据检查CRE演化的动力学,但到目前为止,此类分析通常是描述性的且无模型的。在这里,我们为CRE的进化引入一个概率建模框架,该框架直接基于原始染色质免疫沉淀和测序(ChIP-seq)数据进行操作,并充分考虑了物种之间的系统发育关系。我们的框架包括一个系统发育的隐马尔可夫模型(称为epiPhyloHMM),用于识别多重比对的CRE的位置;一个系统发育的广义线性模型(称为phyloGLM),用于解释一组丰富的基因组特征对描述其进化动力学的影响。 。我们将这些方法应用于来自9个哺乳动物肝脏组织中H3K4me3和H3K27ac组蛋白修饰的先前发表的ChIP-seq数据。我们发现,增强子在哺乳动物进化过程中得失是启动子的两倍,并且周转率与DNA序列保守性,表达水平和组织广度呈负相关,与转录起始位点的距离呈正相关,一致与以前的发现。此外,我们发现目标基因的预​​测剂量敏感性与CRE中的DNA序列限制呈正相关,但与周转率没有正相关,这可能是由于相关突变的效应大小不同所致。总之,我们的概率建模框架可进行各种功能强大的新分析。我们发现,增强子在哺乳动物进化过程中得失是启动子的两倍,并且周转率与DNA序列保守性,表达水平和组织广度呈负相关,与转录起始位点的距离呈正相关,一致与以前的发现。此外,我们发现目标基因的预​​测剂量敏感性与CRE中的DNA序列限制呈正相关,而与周转率则不呈正相关,这可能是由于相关突变的效应大小不同所致。总之,我们的概率建模框架可进行各种功能强大的新分析。我们发现,增强子在哺乳动物进化过程中得失是启动子的两倍,并且周转率与DNA序列保守性,表达水平和组织广度呈负相关,与转录起始位点的距离呈正相关,一致与以前的发现。此外,我们发现目标基因的预​​测剂量敏感性与CRE中的DNA序列限制呈正相关,而与周转率则不呈正相关,这可能是由于相关突变的效应大小不同所致。总之,我们的概率建模框架可进行各种功能强大的新分析。和组织宽度,与距转录起始位点的距离呈正相关,与先前的发现一致。此外,我们发现目标基因的预​​测剂量敏感性与CRE中的DNA序列限制呈正相关,而与周转率则不呈正相关,这可能是由于相关突变的效应大小不同所致。总之,我们的概率建模框架可进行各种功能强大的新分析。和组织宽度,与距转录起始位点的距离呈正相关,与先前的发现一致。此外,我们发现目标基因的预​​测剂量敏感性与CRE中的DNA序列限制呈正相关,而与周转率则不呈正相关,这可能是由于相关突变的效应大小不同所致。总之,我们的概率建模框架可进行各种功能强大的新分析。
更新日期:2020-03-16
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