Background There is limited information on gut microbiota of neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISCs) available. Methods This study compared stool microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of 37 term infants with CGISCs with 36 term healthy infants (HIs). Two stool samples were collected from each infant: as soon as possible after birth (week 1) and 10–14 days of life (week 2). Results Bacterial richness and alpha diversity were comparable between CGISCs and HIs at week 1 and week 2 (all p > 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed that at week 1, CGISCs had similar community structures to HIs ( p = 0.415). However, by week 2, community structures of CGISCs were significantly different from HIs ( p = 0.003). At week 1, there were no significant differences in the relative abundances of genera Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides between CGISCs and HIs. At week 2, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly lower in CGISCs (mean percentage 7.21 ± 13.49 vs. 28.96 ± 19.6; p = 0.002). Bacteroides were also less abundant in the CGISC group (mean percentage 0.12 ± 0.49 vs. 6.59 ± 8.62; p = 0.039). Relative abundance of genera Pseudomonas and Escherichia–Shigella were higher in CGISCs. At week 2, stool concentrations of all SCFAs were lower in CGISCs (all p < 0.001). Conclusions During hospitalization, neonates with CGISCs develop gut dysbiosis and deficiency of SCFAs. Impact During hospitalisation, neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions develop gut dysbiosis with deficiency of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides and increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Pseudomonas. They also have low levels of short chain fatty acids in their stools compared to healthy infants. This is the first study evaluating the gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing methods and stool short chain fatty acids in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions and comparing them to healthy infants. The findings of this study will pave the way for randomised trials of bifidobacterial supplementation in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions.

中文翻译：

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先天性胃肠外科手术新生儿肠道菌群：一项前瞻性研究

背景 关于患有先天性胃肠外科疾病 (CGISC) 的新生儿肠道微生物群的信息有限。方法 本研究比较了 37 名 CGISCs 足月婴儿与 36 名足月健康婴儿 (HIs) 的粪便微生物群和短链脂肪酸 (SCFAs)。从每个婴儿身上采集两份粪便样本：出生后尽快（第 1 周）和出生后 10-14 天（第 2 周）。结果 CGISCs 和 HIs 在第 1 周和第 2 周的细菌丰富度和 α 多样性具有可比性（均 p > 0.05）。Beta 多样性分析显示，在第 1 周，CGISC 的群落结构与 HI 相似（p = 0.415）。然而，到第 2 周，CGISC 的群落结构与 HI 显着不同（p = 0.003）。在第 1 周，CGISCs和HIs之间双歧杆菌属和拟杆菌属的相对丰度没有显着差异。在第 2 周，CGISC 中双歧杆菌的相对丰度显着降低（平均百分比 7.21 ± 13.49 对 28.96 ± 19.6；p = 0.002）。CGISC 组的拟杆菌含量也较少（平均百分比 0.12 ± 0.49 对 6.59 ± 8.62；p = 0.039）。CGISCs 中假单胞菌属和大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌属的相对丰度较高。在第 2 周，CGISC 中所有 SCFA 的粪便浓度均较低（均 p < 0.001）。结论 在住院期间，患有 CGISCs 的新生儿会出现肠道菌群失调和 SCFAs 缺乏。影响住院期间，患有先天性胃肠外科疾病的新生儿出现肠道菌群失调，双歧杆菌和拟杆菌缺乏，大肠杆菌和假单胞菌的丰度增加。与健康婴儿相比，他们的粪便中的短链脂肪酸含量也较低。这是第一项使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 测序方法和粪便短链脂肪酸对患有先天性胃肠道手术的新生儿的肠道微生物群进行评估并将其与健康婴儿进行比较的研究。这项研究的结果将为先天性胃肠道手术新生儿双歧杆菌补充剂的随机试验铺平道路。这是第一项使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 测序方法和粪便短链脂肪酸对患有先天性胃肠道手术的新生儿的肠道微生物群进行评估并将其与健康婴儿进行比较的研究。这项研究的结果将为先天性胃肠道手术新生儿双歧杆菌补充剂的随机试验铺平道路。这是第一项使用 16S 核糖体 RNA 测序方法和粪便短链脂肪酸对患有先天性胃肠道手术的新生儿的肠道微生物群进行评估并将其与健康婴儿进行比较的研究。这项研究的结果将为先天性胃肠道手术新生儿双歧杆菌补充剂的随机试验铺平道路。