Amniotes, such as mammals and reptiles, have vision and other senses represented in the pallium, whereas anamniotes, such as amphibians, fish and cyclostomes (including lampreys), which diverged much earlier, were historically thought to process olfactory information predominantly or even exclusively in the pallium. Here, we show that there is a separate visual area with retinotopic representation, and that somatosensory information from the head and trunk is represented in an adjacent area in the lamprey pallial cortex (lateral pallium). These cortical sensory areas flank a non-primary-sensory motor area. Both vision and somatosensation are relayed via the thalamus. These findings suggest that the basic sensorimotor representation of the mammalian neocortex, as well as the sensory thalamocortical relay, had already evolved in the last common ancestor of cyclostomes and gnathostomes around 560 million years ago.

羊膜（例如哺乳动物和爬行动物）具有视觉和其他感觉，存在于大脑皮层中，而羊膜（例如两栖动物，鱼类和圈套动物（包括七lamp鳗））早就发散了，从历史上看，它们主要或什至仅在嗅觉信息中处理嗅觉信息。苍白。在这里，我们显示有一个单独的视神经区域，并带有视黄醛表示，并且在七rey鳗大脑皮层（外侧皮层）的相邻区域中，代表了来自头部和躯干的体感信息。这些皮质感觉区域位于非主要感觉运动区域的侧面。视觉和躯体感觉都通过丘脑传递。这些发现表明，哺乳动物新皮层的基本感觉运动表征以及丘脑皮层感觉传递，