Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes, a diverse family of prokaryotic adaptive immune systems, have emerged as a biotechnological tool and therapeutic. The discovery of protein inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas systems, called anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins, enables the development of more controllable and precise CRISPR-Cas tools. Here we discuss applications of Acr proteins for post-translational control of CRISPR-Cas systems in prokaryotic and mammalian cells, organisms and ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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抗 CRISPR 蛋白应用：CRISPR-Cas 技术的自然刹车。

成簇的、规则间隔的短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 和 CRISPR 相关 (Cas) 基因是一个多样化的原核适应性免疫系统家族，已成为一种生物技术工具和治疗方法。CRISPR-Cas 系统的蛋白质抑制剂的发现，称为抗 CRISPR (Acr) 蛋白，使开发更可控和更精确的 CRISPR-Cas 工具成为可能。在这里，我们讨论了 Acr 蛋白在原核和哺乳动物细胞、生物体和生态系统中 CRISPR-Cas 系统的翻译后控制的应用。