In order to develop new high-energy materials utilizing natural products, a high-substitute nitrochitosan was prepared with different methods. Prepared processes and detonation properties of the nitrochitosan samples were systematically studied. The nitration substitute degree, nitrogen content, exothermic decomposition enthalpy, heat of combustion, impact sensitivity, detonation velocity and detonation pressure of the prepared high-substitute nitrochitosan were 2.01, 16.67 %, −2226 J g^-1, -7831.6 ± 116.3 J g^-1, >14.2 J, 7.81 km s^-1, and 24.03 GPa, respectively. Compared with nitrocellulose (NC), the nitrogen content, impact sensitivity and detonation properties of the prepared nitrochitosan were significantly improved. Nitrochitosan and RDX can form a uniform composite in acetone. With the increase of RDX content, the impact sensitivity of composite increased, but the composite was more stable and not easy to decompose. High-substitute nitrochitosan presents a potential application in solid propellants.

为了利用天然产物开发新的高能材料，用不同的方法制备了高取代的硝基壳聚糖。系统地研究了硝基壳聚糖样品的制备工艺和爆轰性能。制备的高取代硝基壳聚糖的硝化取代度，氮含量，放热分解焓，燃烧热，冲击敏感性，爆轰速度和爆轰压力分别为2.01、16.67％，-2226 J g ^-1，-7831.6±116.3 J g ^-1，> 14.2 J，7.81 km s ^-1，和24.03 GPa。与硝化纤维素（NC）相比，制备的硝基壳聚糖的含氮量，冲击敏感性和爆轰性能均有明显提高。硝基壳聚糖和RDX可以在丙酮中形成均匀的复合物。随着RDX含量的增加，复合材料的冲击敏感性增加，但复合材料更稳定，不易分解。高取代的硝基壳聚糖在固体推进剂中具有潜在的应用。