A novel quantitative electrochemical aging model for lithium-ion batteries considering side reactions is proposed in this paper. The resistance of solid electrolyte interphase and the thickness of deposited layer caused by side reactions are utilized as degradation representatives to explicitly quantify the aging effects. The aging model is established through deriving the transfer function relationship between the aging representatives and input current history. Therefore, the gap between macroscopic (battery operating mode) and microscopic (aging mechanism) can be well bridged. The aging mechanisms for the lithium-ion batteries are well identified by comprehensive post-mortem analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the irreversible side reactions occurring at the surface of anode particles are the primary cause for performance degradation in this study. To verify the proposed aging model, the comparisons are made between experimental and simulated results at both macroscopic cell-level (cell voltage response, capacity fade, and solid-electrolyte interphase resistance increase) and microscopic-level (deposited-layer growth). The capacity decay error is bounded to 3% up to 400 cycles. The results demonstrate that the presented transfer-function type aging model is capable of predicting battery degradation severity precisely.

提出了一种考虑副反应的锂离子电池电化学定量老化模型。固体电解质中间相的电阻和副反应引起的沉积层厚度被用作降解代表，以明确量化老化效应。通过推导老化代表与输入电流历史之间的传递函数关系来建立老化模型。因此，可以很好地弥合宏观（电池工作模式）和微观（老化机制）之间的差距。全面的事后分析可以很好地确定锂离子电池的老化机理。实验结果表明，在阳极颗粒表面发生的不可逆副反应是该研究性能下降的主要原因。为了验证提出的老化模型，在宏观电池水平（电池电压响应，容量衰减和固体电解质相间电阻增加）和微观水平（沉积层生长）的实验结果和模拟结果之间进行了比较。容量衰减误差在400个周期内限制为3％。结果表明，所提出的传递函数型老化模型能够准确预测电池退化的严重程度。固体电解质相间电阻增加）和微观水平（沉积层生长）。容量衰减误差在400个周期内限制为3％。结果表明，所提出的传递函数型老化模型能够准确预测电池退化的严重程度。固体电解质相间电阻增加）和微观水平（沉积层生长）。容量衰减误差在400个周期内限制为3％。结果表明，所提出的传递函数型老化模型能够准确预测电池退化的严重程度。