Sepsis has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health priority. There has been a tremendous effort to decipher underlying mechanisms responsible for organ failure and death, and to develop new treatments. Despite saving thousands of animals over the last three decades in multiple preclinical studies, no new effective drug has emerged that has clearly improved patient outcomes. In the present review, we analyze the reasons for this failure, focusing on the inclusion of inappropriate patients and the use of irrelevant animal models. We advocate against repeating the same mistakes and propose changes to the research paradigm. We discuss the long-term consequences of surviving sepsis and, finally, list some putative approaches-both old and new-that could help save lives and improve survivorship.

中文翻译：

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脓毒症疗法：从30多年的转化研究失败中学习，以提出新的线索。

败血症已被世界卫生组织（WHO）确定为全球卫生重点。已经做出巨大的努力来破译造成器官衰竭和死亡的潜在机制，并开发新的治疗方法。尽管在过去的三十年中在多项临床前研究中挽救了成千上万只动物，但还没有出现能明显改善患者预后的新有效药物。在目前的审查中，我们分析了失败的原因，重点是纳入不适当的患者和使用无关的动物模型。我们提倡不要重复相同的错误，并建议对研究范式进行更改。我们讨论了败血症存活的长期后果，最后列出了一些可能有助于挽救生命和改善存活率的假定方法，包括新旧方法。