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Harary polynomials
arXiv - CS - Discrete Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-03-13 , DOI: arxiv-2003.06250
Orli Herscovici, Johann A. Makowsky, Vsevolod Rakita

Given a graph property $\mathcal{P}$, F. Harary introduced in 1985 $\mathcal{P}$-colorings, graph colorings where each colorclass induces a graph in $\mathcal{P}$. Let $\chi_{\mathcal{P}}(G;k)$ counts the number of $\mathcal{P}$-colorings of $G$ with at most $k$ colors. It turns out that $\chi_{\mathcal{P}}(G;k)$ is a polynomial in $\mathbb{Z}[k]$ for each graph $G$. Graph polynomials of this form are called Harary polynomials. In this paper we investigate properties of Harary polynomials and compare them with properties of the classical chromatic polynomial $\chi(G;k)$. We show that the characteristic and Laplacian polynomial, the matching, the independence and the domination polynomial are not Harary polynomials. We show that for various notions of sparse, non-trivial properties $\mathcal{P}$, the polynomial $\chi_{\mathcal{P}}(G;k)$ is, in contrast to $\chi(G;k)$, not a chromatic, and even not an edge elimination invariant. Finally we study whether Harary polynomials are definable in Monadic Second Order Logic.

中文翻译:

哈拉里多项式

给定图形属性 $\mathcal{P}$,F. Harary 在 1985 年引入了 $\mathcal{P}$-colorings,图形着色,其中每个颜色类在 $\mathcal{P}$ 中引入一个图形。让 $\chi_{\mathcal{P}}(G;k)$ 计算 $\mathcal{P}$-colorings 的 $G$ 最多具有 $k$ 种颜色的数量。事实证明,对于每个图 $G$,$\chi_{\mathcal{P}}(G;k)$ 是 $\mathbb{Z}[k]$ 中的多项式。这种形式的图形多项式称为 Harary 多项式。在本文中,我们研究了 Harary 多项式的性质,并将它们与经典色多项式 $\chi(G;k)$ 的性质进行了比较。我们证明特征和拉普拉斯多项式、匹配、独立和支配多项式不是哈拉里多项式。我们表明,对于稀疏、非平凡属性 $\mathcal{P}$ 的各种概念,多项式 $\chi_{\mathcal{P}}(G;k)$ 是,与 $\chi(G;k)$ 相反,它不是一个色差,甚至不是一个边缘消除不变量。最后我们研究 Harary 多项式是否可以在一元二阶逻辑中定义。
更新日期:2020-07-14
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