Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulation strength of attachment: Results of the first PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study,Progress in Photovoltaics

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Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulation strength of attachment: Results of the first PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study
Progress in Photovoltaics ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1002/pip.3255
David C. Miller ₁ , Fahad Alharbi ₂ , Afshin Andreas ₃ , Jayesh G. Bokria ₄ , David M. Burns ₅ , Jaynae Bushong ₆ , Xinxin Chen ₇ , Dennis Dietz ₆ , Sean Fowler ₈ , Xiaohong Gu ₉ , Aron Habte ₃ , Christian C. Honeker ₁₀ , Michael D. Kempe ₁ , Hussam Khonkar ₂ , Michael Köhl ₁₁ , Nancy H. Phillips ₁₂ , Jorge Rivera ₆ , Kurt P. Scott ₆ , Ashish Singh ₁₃ , Allen F. Zielnik ₆

Affiliation

National Center for PhotovoltaicsNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Golden CO 80401
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Riyadh 11442 Saudi Arabia
Power Systems Engineering CenterNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Golden CO 80401
Specialized Technology Resources, Inc. (STR) Enfield CT 06082
3M Corporate Research Analytical Laboratory, The 3M Company Saint Paul MN 55144
Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC Mount Prospect IL 60056
China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd. (CEI) Guangzhou 510663 China
Q‐Lab Corporation Cleveland OH 44145
Polymeric Materials Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg MD 20899
Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (CSE) Boston MA 02210
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) Freiburg 79110 Germany
DuPont Photovoltaic Solutions, DuPont de Nemours, Inc. Wilmington DE 19803
RenewSys India Pvt Ltd. Bangalore 560105 India

Delamination of the encapsulant in photovoltaic (PV) module technology results in immediate optical loss and may enable subsequent corrosion or mechanical damage. The effects of artificial weathering were not previously known; therefore, an empirical study was performed to survey the factors most affecting adhesion, including the ultraviolet (UV) source (ie, Xe or fluorescent lamp[s]), the optical filters for the lamp, the chamber temperature, and the relative humidity. Natural weathering was also performed at locations, including the following: Golden, Colorado; Miami, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; QiongHai, China; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and Turpan, China. Specimens were constructed using a laminated glass/poly (ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/glass geometry. The compressive shear test (CST) was used to quantify the mechanical strength of attachment, taken as a proxy for adhesion. The fractography of select specimens (including cross‐sectional optical microscopy) was used to verify the failure mode (delamination or decohesion). Additional analysis of the local solar spectrum as well as the specimen temperature was performed to interpret the results of natural weathering. The goals of this study include to identify the most significant stressors, clarify where strong coupling may occur between stressors, and validate accelerated test results relative to natural weathering. The importance of specimen conditioning (for moisture) and hygrometric degradation as well as the effects of UV degradation are identified in this study.

更新日期：2020-03-12

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