Bone is a self‐engineered structural component of the human body with multifaceted mechanical strength, which provides indomitable support to the effective functioning of the human body. It is indispensable to find a suitable biomaterial for substituting the bone as the bone substitute material requirement is very high due to the rate of bone fracture and infection lead to osteoporosis in human beings increases rapidly. It is not an easy task to design a material with good apatite deposition ability, a faster rate of dissolution, superior resorbability, high mechanical strength, and significant bactericidal activity. Since the synthetic hydroxyapatite was not able to achieve the dahlite phase of hydroxyapatite (natural bone mineral phase), silicates emerged as an alternate biomaterial to meet the need for bone graft substitutes. All silicates do not exhibit the properties required for bone graft substitutes, as their composition and methodology adopted for the synthesis are different. Calcium, magnesium, and silicon play a major role in the formation of bone mineral and their metabolism during bone formation. In this review, the relationship between composition and activity of calcium, magnesium‐based silicates have been discussed along with the future scope of these materials for hard tissue engineering applications.

中文翻译：

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用于骨组织工程应用的钙基和镁基硅酸盐的综述。

骨骼是人体自我设计的结构部件，具有多方面的机械强度，为人体的有效运作提供了不屈不挠的支撑。由于人类骨折和感染导致骨质疏松症的发生率迅速增加，因此对骨替代材料的需求非常高，因此寻找合适的生物材料来替代骨是必不可少的。设计一种具有良好的磷灰石沉积能力、更快的溶解速度、优异的再吸收性、高机械强度和显着杀菌活性的材料并非易事。由于合成羟基磷灰石无法达到羟基磷灰石的 dahlite 相（天然骨矿物相），硅酸盐作为替代生物材料出现，以满足对骨移植替代品的需求。所有硅酸盐都没有表现出骨移植替代品所需的特性，因为它们的组成和合成方法不同。钙、镁和硅在骨矿物质的形成及其在骨形成过程中的代谢中起主要作用。在这篇综述中，讨论了钙、镁基硅酸盐的组成和活性之间的关系，以及这些材料在硬组织工程应用中的未来范围。