In this article, we propose an energy-efficiency-aware integrated architecture of cooperative computing (CC) to support the demands of computing amount in the blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT). Specifically, we assume that multiple computing servers are placed at each data access point (DAP). The computing servers across multiple DAPs can be virtualized to constitute a CC pool to flexibly allocate the computing resource. When the amount of received data from a DAP is accumulated to a certain length of one data block, blockchain computing will be implemented to generate a correct Nonce value meeting the threshold of hash value. After the correct Nonce has been generated, the data block will be transmitted and stored in cloud caches, where the hash value is written into blockchain to guarantee the security of data block. We maximize system energy efficiency defined by the overall power consumption per unit of throughput transmitted from DAPs to cloud caches. We formulate the system optimization model by considering the constraints of data delay to avoid data overflow in the system. In order to solve the optimization model for maximizing system energy efficiency, we employ a geometric programming method to obtain the optimal power and resource allocation in blockchain-based IoT. By extensive simulations, we verify the effectiveness of our proposed energy-efficiency-aware optimization mechanism in the blockchain-based IoT.

中文翻译：

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基于集成区块链的物联网中的协作计算

在本文中，我们提出了一种协同计算（CC）的能效感知集成架构，以支持基于区块链的物联网（IoT）中对计算量的需求。具体来说，我们假设在每个数据访问点（DAP）上放置了多个计算服务器。跨多个DAP的计算服务器可以进行虚拟化，以构成CC池，以灵活地分配计算资源。当从DAP接收到的数据量累积到一个数据块的特定长度时，将实施区块链计算以生成满足哈希值阈值的正确Nonce值。生成正确的Nonce后，将传输数据块并将其存储在云缓存中，在此处将哈希值写入区块链，以保证数据块的安全性。我们最大程度地提高系统能效，该能效是由从DAP传输到云缓存的每单位吞吐量的总体功耗定义的。我们通过考虑数据延迟的约束条件来制定系统优化模型，以避免系统中的数据溢出。为了解决最大化系统能效的优化模型，我们采用了一种几何编程方法来获得基于区块链的物联网中的最佳功率和资源分配。通过广泛的仿真，我们在基于区块链的IoT中验证了我们提出的能效感知优化机制的有效性。为了解决最大化系统能效的优化模型，我们采用了一种几何编程方法来获得基于区块链的物联网中的最佳功率和资源分配。通过广泛的仿真，我们在基于区块链的IoT中验证了我们提出的能效感知优化机制的有效性。为了解决最大化系统能效的优化模型，我们采用了一种几何编程方法来获得基于区块链的物联网中的最佳功率和资源分配。通过广泛的仿真，我们在基于区块链的IoT中验证了我们提出的能效感知优化机制的有效性。