Intentional interference in satellite navigation is becoming an increasing threat for modern systems relying on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In particular, critical applications such as aviation can be severely affected by un-detected and un-mitigated interference and therefore interference management solutions are crucial to be employed. Methods to cope with such intentional interference enclose interference detection, interference mitigation, interference classification, and interference localization. This paper offers a comprehensive survey of interference management methods developed in the last four decades by the research community. After reviewing the main concepts of GNSS-based navigation, the interference and interference management solutions are classified, with a particular focus on the two major threats in GNSS navigation, namely jamming and spoofing. Mathematical models, comparative tables for various interference management solutions, such as detection, localization, mitigation, and classification, as well as comparative numerical results based on several selected algorithms are also presented. We especially focus on algorithms relying on omni-directional antennas, which do not require additional specific antennas to be installed on the aircraft and thus reduce the costs of retrofit and installation.1

中文翻译：

---

有人和无人驾驶飞机卫星导航故意干扰应对措施调查

卫星导航中的故意干扰正成为依赖全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 的现代系统日益严重的威胁。特别是，航空等关键应用可能会受到未检测到和未减轻的干扰的严重影响，因此必须采用干扰管理解决方案。处理这种故意干扰的方法包括干扰检测、干扰减轻、干扰分类和干扰定位。本文对研究界在过去四年中开发的干扰管理方法进行了全面调查。在回顾了基于GNSS导航的主要概念后，对干扰和干扰管理解决方案进行了分类，特别关注 GNSS 导航中的两大威胁，即干扰和欺骗。还提供了数学模型、各种干扰管理解决方案的比较表，例如检测、定位、缓解和分类，以及基于几种选定算法的比较数值结果。我们特别关注依赖于全向天线的算法，该算法不需要在飞机上安装额外的特定天线，从而降低改造和安装成本。 1